Measuring method for confined water level using piezocone penetration tests
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摘要: 基坑隧道等工程中承压水突涌、渗漏等问题时有发生，如何经济、便捷、准确地获取承压水位对工程设计及施工具有重要指导意义。通过分析江阴靖江过江隧道和海太过江通道工程中的孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试及地勘资料，提出了一种基于CPTU的承压水位测试方法，可在获取CPTU原位测试参数的同时，通过测量的孔隙水压力计算承压水位。将CPTU测试获取的承压水位与观测井水位进行对比，结果表明，测试值与观测值较为一致；CPTU方法具有操作便捷、快速、施工成本低的优点，值得在基坑隧道工程中推广使用。Abstract: The occurrence of confined water inrush and leakage is common in engineering projects such as foundation pits and tunnels. To economically, conveniently and accurately obtain the confined water level is of great significance for the guiding of engineering design and construction. By analyzing the piezocone penetration tests (CPTU) and geotechnical data from the projects of Jiangyin-Jingjiang Yangtze River Tunnel and Haitai Yangtze River Tunnel, a CPTU-based method for measuring the confined water level is proposed. This method allows for the calculation of the confined water level through measurement of pore pressure while obtaining the CPTU in-situ test parameters. The comparisons between the calculated and observed confined water levels show high consistency. The CPTU method offers advantages of convenience, speed and low construction cost, making it worth promoting and implementing in foundation pit and tunnel engineering.
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Keywords:
- confined water /
- piezocone penetration test /
- in-situ test /
- pore pressure /
- confined water level
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图 3 各场地承压含水层典型孔压-时间示意图
Figure 3. Typical pore pressure-time curves at different testing sites
表 1 试验场地土体主要物理力学参数
Table 1 Parameters of soil layers in different test sites
场地 层序 名称 γ/(kN·m-3) Es/MPa e c/kPa φ/(°) K/(m·d-1) 江阴靖江长江隧道工程 ②1 粉质黏土 19.3 5.06 0.81 22.2 14.8 0.0023 ②2 淤泥质粉质黏土 18.1 3.59 1.08 10.5 16.5 0.0020 ②2-1 粉质黏土夹粉土 18.8 5.02 0.91 10.2 18.2 0.0027 ②3 粉砂 19.4 10.55 0.76 3.0 31.2 0.59 ②4 粉细砂 19.6 11.03 0.74 3.4 32.3 0.56 ③1 粉质黏土 19.9 6.60 0.72 30.7 22.4 0.0011 ③2-1 粉质黏土 19.3 5.38 0.82 18.1 21.3 0.012 ③2 粉土 19.3 8.38 0.81 6.4 29.1 0.28 ③3 粉砂 19.8 10.77 0.70 3.2 32.7 0.48 ③3-1 粉质黏土 19.2 5.92 0.83 16.0 15.2 0.053 ③4 粉细砂 20.2 11.64 0.63 3.2 33.1 1.55 ③4-2 中砂 20.5 12.07 0.57 2.8 33.2 1.67 ④2 粉质黏土 19.5 5.67 0.79 24.0 15.1 0.0043 ④3 粉质黏土 20.0 7.15 0.71 33.8 15.1 0.0011 ④4 粉细砂 20.5 12.85 0.57 3.4 33.2 1.85 海太过江通道工程 ②1 粉质黏土 19.3 8.5 0.79 19.3 19.2 0.0065 ③5 粉土夹粉砂 19.6 10.3 0.72 29.8 33.4 0.0075 ④1 淤泥质粉质黏土夹粉土 18.1 4.2 1.03 12.0 17.2 0.016 ④2 粉质黏土夹粉土 18.0 5.7 0.96 17.2 20.5 0.013 ④2-1 粉砂 18.6 7.4 0.83 6.1 32.7 0.36 ④3 粉土夹淤泥质粉质黏土 17.9 5.9 0.99 13.2 25.5 0.014 ④3-1 粉砂 18.9 9.9 0.79 6.6 31.8 0.22 ⑤2 粉砂 19.5 10.7 0.69 6.1 34.8 0.51 注：γ为天然重度；Es为压缩模量；e为孔隙比；c为黏聚力；φ为内摩擦角；K为渗透系数。 
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