Effects and mechanisms of mineral composition of sand on MICP process
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摘要: 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）是一种绿色环保的新型土体加固技术，具有广泛的应用前景。为了研究砂颗粒矿物成分对MICP过程的影响，分别选用石英砂和钙质砂为代表性研究对象，利用环氧树脂胶结固化后打磨制成样片，再在配置好的菌液和胶结液中对样片表面进行MICP处理，结合X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及超声震荡试验定量分析了碳酸钙产量、矿物晶型、晶貌及界面胶结特性。结果表明：①钙质砂颗粒比石英砂颗粒更利于微生物诱导生成碳酸钙，平均单位面积碳酸钙生成量前者约为后者的5倍；②两种砂颗粒表面生成的碳酸钙主要为球霰石和方解石，钙质砂界面能更低，诱导生成更多的方解石；③石英砂表面生成的碳酸钙主要为较大的球形颗粒，而钙质砂表面的碳酸钙形貌主要为板片状；④微生物在钙质砂颗粒上诱导生成的碳酸钙呈现更高的界面胶结强度，经超声波震荡后，石英砂颗粒上碳酸钙的质量损失率约为钙质砂的10倍。在此基础上，运用微生物学、晶体化学、结晶矿物学等其他相关学科的理论，系统分析了石英砂和钙质砂对MICP过程及效果的影响机理，取得了新的认识，对优化MICP技术在岩土工程中的应用有重要意义。Abstract: The microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a new environmentally friendly stabilization technique for soils with broad application prospects. To investigate the effect of mineral composition of sand particles on the MICP process, the quartz sand and calcareous sand are chosen as the representative materials. The sand particles are bound with epoxy resin to create samples, which are subsequently subjected to the MICP treatment by immersing them in prepared bacterial and cementation solutions. The calcium carbonate production, mineral phases, crystal morphology and interfacial cementation characteristics are quantitatively analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic tests. The results indicate: (1) The calcareous sand particles are more conducive to the MICP, with an average calcium carbonate generation per unit area that is about 5 times that of the quartz sand particles. (2) The calcium carbonate precipitated on the surfaces of both sand particles mainly consists of vaterite and calcite, with the calcareous sand inducing a higher proportion of calcite precipitation because of its lower interfacial energy. (3) The calcium carbonate precipitated on the surface of the quartz sand is predominantly composed of larger spherical particles, while the morphology of calcium carbonate on the surface of the calcareous sand is predominantly plate-like. (4) The microbially induced calcium carbonate on the calcareous sand particles exhibits higher interfacial cementation strength. After subjecting the samples to ultrasonic agitation, the mass loss rate of the calcium carbonate on the quartz sand is about 10 times that on the calcareous sand. Based on these findings, the theories from the disciplines such as microbiology, crystal chemistry and mineralogy are employed to systematically analyze the mechanisms through which quartz sand and calcareous sand affect the MICP process and its outcomes. This study provides new insights and is of significant importance for optimizing the application of the MICP in geotechnical engineering.
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图 4 单位面积砂颗粒上碳酸钙生成量
Figure 4. Masses of calcium carbonate per unit area of sand particles
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图 6 砂颗粒表面的MICP过程示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of MICP process on surface of sand particles
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图 7 砂颗粒表面碳酸钙的XRD分析图谱
Figure 7. XRD analysis of calcium carbonate on surface of sand particles
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图 8 砂颗粒表面碳酸钙晶型选择
Figure 8. Selection of polymorphs of calcium carbonate precipitated on surface of sands
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