Experimental study on diffusion characteristics of backfill grouting in shield tunnels of loess under effects of moisture content
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摘要: 为了揭示黄土盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液在地层中的扩散形式和规律，考虑盾构隧道盾尾间隙特征，建立含水率、渗流压力、土压力可实时监测以及扩散过程可视的模型试验系统。考虑黄土不同含水率，通过试验研究浆液扩散形式以及注浆过程中的含水率、渗流压力和土压力变化规律。研究结果表明：在相同干密度下，不同含水率对壁后注浆浆液扩散形式影响显著；含水率为10%时，浆液未发生明显扩散，浆-土形成了明显的分界面，仅分界面处的含水率发生显著变化，各分层土体土压力较大；含水率为20%和30%时，浆液扩散范围增大，各分层土体含水率均有变化，土压力和渗流压力出现了阶跃曲线，土体中形成了明显的浆脉。黄土盾构隧道壁后注浆中浆液的扩散形式主要为压密扩散、压滤扩散和劈裂扩散。Abstract: To reveal the diffusion form and law of backfill grouting in shield tunnels of loess, considering the characteristics of shield tail, a model test system with real-time monitoring for moisture content, seepage pressure and soil pressure and visualization of diffusion process is established. Considering the different moisture contents of loess, the grout diffusion form and the variation law of moisture content, seepage pressure and soil pressure during grouting process are studied through the model tests. The results show that under the same dry density, different moisture contents have a significant effects on the diffusion form of backfill grouting. When the moisture content is 10%, the grout does not diffuse obviously, and an obvious interface is formed between the grout and soil. Only the moisture content at the interface changes significantly, and the soil pressure of each layer is large. When the moisture content is 20% and 30%, the grout diffusion range increases, the moisture content of each layer of soil changes, the soil pressure and seepage pressure show step curves, and obvious grout veins are formed in the soil. The grout diffusion forms in shield tunnels of loess are mainly compaction diffusion, pressure filtration diffusion and splitting diffusion.
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Keywords:
- shield tunnel of loess /
- backfill grouting /
- model test /
- grout diffusion form
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图 7 各工况土体含水率变化及12 h+含水率
Figure 7. Change of moisture content of soil and 12h + moisture contents under various working conditions
表 1 现有壁后注浆室内试验方法
Table 1 Existing indoor test methods for backfill grouting
试验
类型模型构造 试验目的 特色手段 整体
模型盾构推进模拟系统、注浆系统、激发及数据采集分析系统[14] 隧道埋深、注浆压力、土层性质影响下浆液扩散形态 采用了透明土技术直观展示浆液扩散形态 模型箱、推进系统、注浆系统、数据采集系统、数据处理系统[15] 分析同步注浆对管片压力和地层变形的影响 大比例尺开展整体试验 局部
模型注浆设备、模型管道[16] 研究浆液扩散范围与注浆参数及浆液水灰比之间的联系 分段拼接式构造 渗透注浆管、手动注浆泵、注浆记录仪、双液混合器[17] 探析注浆压力与地层渗透率及注浆速率之间的变化规律 考虑了双液浆的黏度时变性 渗透注浆装置、恒压注浆系统、数据采集系统[18] 通过一维注入试验研究地下适配浆液的选取 考虑了盾尾脱空过程的模拟，提出了适配性方法 试验模型箱、注浆系统、浆液配制系统、测试及数据处理系统[19] 不同级配砂样地层下牛顿流体、宾汉姆流体、幂律流体的浆液扩散过程 考虑了砂样分维数等多因素综合影响 
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表 2 试验用土参数
Table 2 Parameters of test soil
含水率/
%相对质量密度 重度/
(kN·m-3)干重度/
(kN·m-3)孔隙比 饱和度/
%20.70 2.70 15.80 13.10 1.04 53.90
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表 3 浆液各组分质量比
Table 3 Mass ratios of grout components
工况 水泥 砂 膨润土 粉煤灰 水 水泥砂浆 1.00 1.67 0.32 1.00 1.97
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表 4 P.O 42.5级水泥技术指标
Table 4 Technical indexes of P.O 42.5 grade cement
安定性 凝结时间/min 抗折强度/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 初凝 终凝 3 d 28 d 3 d 28 d 合格 198 240 5.6 7.5 26.4 45.2
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表 5 各工况浆液注入量和最远扩散距离
Table 5 Grout injection amounts and farthest diffusion distances under various working conditions
组别 浆液 土体
含水率/
%浆液
注入量/
L浆液注入土体量/
L扩散最远
距离/
cm浆液土中
扩散距离/
cm1 水泥砂浆 10 7.1 0.035 12.5 2.5 2 20 10.8 3.735 58 48 3 30 11.3 4.235 60 50
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