Characterization of uncertainty in shield tunneling excavated in soft soils based on gap parameter
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摘要: 为防御软土盾构隧道施工引发过大地层位移的风险，有必要对盾构隧道地层位移进行概率分析。间隙参数法通过将地层损失分为三个分量，详尽地解释了盾构隧道掘进过程中地层损失的来源，基于间隙参数法对盾构隧道掘进过程中众多参数不确定性进行表征，为实现概率分析提供重要前提。基本思路为分别确定三个分量，即等效三维间隙、盾构姿态相关间隙与物理间隙的统计特征。等效三维间隙与盾构姿态相关间隙相对复杂，根据文献给出了与之相关的地层参数与掘进参数的统计特征。物理间隙与注浆效果有直接关系，通过搜集到的地质雷达数据确定注浆填充率，给出了物理间隙的统计特征。Abstract: To prevent the risk of displacement induced by shield tunneling, it is necessary to conduct probabilistic analysis. Gap parameter explains the source of ground loss in detail by dividing the ground loss into three parts. Based on it, the uncertainty of many parameters in the shield tunneling process is characterized, which provides an important prerequisite for probability analysis. The main idea is to obtain the statistics of three components of the gap parameter: three-dimensional equivalent gap u*3D, gap due to workmanship ω and physical gap g. The three-dimensional equivalent gap u*3D and the gap due to workmanship ω are relatively complicated, and the statistics of the relevant geological and tunneling parameters are given according to the literatures. The physical gap g is directly related to the grouting effects. The filling rate of grouting is determined by the geological radar data, and the statistics of the physical gap are given.
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Keywords:
- soft soil /
- shield tunnel /
- gap parameter /
- construction deformation /
- uncertainty
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表 1 我国软土土性参数均值
Table 1 Mean values for parameters of soft soils in China
分布地区与成因 天津 上海、武汉、江浙 广州、深圳 Ⅰ区滨海相 Ⅱ区滨海相 Ⅱ区三角洲相 Ⅲ区滨海相 Ⅲ区三角洲相 ρ/(g·cm-3) 1.750 1.720 1.720 1.630 1.620 e 1.309 1.397 1.328 1.709 1.768 Sr 97.700 96.100 — 97.400 97.000 Es1-2/MPa 2.650 2.430 2.900 2.100 1.890 av1-2/(MPa-1) 0.970 1.030 1.000 1.600 1.610 φ快剪/(°) 3.800 4.200 10.200 5.900 6.100 c快剪/kPa 10.700 10.800 13.400 9.300 11.200 φ固快/(°) 11.700 11.500 14.100 16.700 — c固快/kPa 15.100 14.400 11.800 10.400 — 
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表 2 我国软土土性参数变异系数
Table 2 COVs for parameters of soft soils in China
分布地区与成因 天津 上海、武汉、江浙 广州、深圳 Ⅰ区滨海相 Ⅱ区滨海相 Ⅱ区三角洲相 Ⅲ区滨海相 Ⅲ区三角洲相 ρ/(g·cm-3) 0.042 0.048 0.048 0.058 0.052 e 0.196 0.225 0.226 0.238 0.179 Sr 0.020 0.068 — 0.031 0.026 Es1-2/MPa) 0.285 0.244 0.325 0.367 0.255 av1-2/(MPa-1) 0.328 0.370 0.436 0.463 0.36 φ快剪/(°) 0.629 0.648 0.607 0.617 0.415 c快剪/kPa 0.430 0.319 0.436 0.474 0.421 φ固快/(°) 0.480 0.284 0.326 0.285 — c固快/kPa 0.345 0.268 0.535 0.518 —
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表 3 数据库中软土土性参数统计特征
Table 3 Statistics for parameters of soft soils
来源 参数 均值 变异系数 CLAY/10/7490 cu(mob) /σv' 0.51 1.25 SH-CLAY/11/4051 e 1.24 0.14 SH-CLAY/11/4051 cu /σv'(UCST) 0.21 0.43 SH-CLAY/11/4051 cu /σv' (VST) 0.34 0.38 注：cu(mob) /σv'为汇总多种试验的归一化可变cu，UCST为无侧限抗压试验、VST十字板剪切试验。
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表 4 软土的相关距离汇总
Table 4 Corraltion lengths for soft soils
序号 θx θz 最小值 最大值 均值 最小值 最大值 均值 ① 1.07 49 14.2 0.07 1.1 0.36 ② — — — 1 6.2 3.63 ③ — — — 0.79 1.25 0.91 ④ 0.14 163.8 31.9 0.05 3.62 1.29 ⑤ 1.2 1000 201.5 0.06 21 1.58 ⑥ 40.4 45.4 42.9 0.49 0.77 0.63 ⑦ 8.37 66 30.9 0.11 6.1 1.55 ⑧ 24.6 66.5 45.6 0.48 1.62 1.04 ⑨ — — — 1.1 2.0 1.55 ⑩ 12.7 45.5 33.2 0.14 7.19 2.08 ⑪ 9.65 45.4 29.8 0.095 6.47 1.40 ⑫ 22.2 80 47.6 0.14 6.2 1.70 ⑬ — — — 0.3 2.7 1.42 注：①冲积土，②Ankara黏土，③Chicago黏土，④黏土，⑤黏土，砂土与淤泥混合物，⑥杭州黏土，⑦海洋黏土，⑧近海土，⑨敏感黏土，⑩淤泥，⑪淤泥质黏土，⑫软黏土，⑬不排水土
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表 6 刀盘扭矩统计矩与变异系数
Table 6 Statistical moments and COVs of cutter torque
地区，土质 均值(kN·m) 标准差(kN·m) 变异系数 ① 5750 790 0.14 ② 7612.12 1204.28 0.16 ③ 2082 390 0.19 ④ 4540 1380 0.30 ⑤ 981 240.5 0.25
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表 7 掘进速度统计矩与变异系数
Table 7 Statistical moments and COVs of advance rate
地区，土质 均值(mm/min) 标准差(mm/min) 变异系数 ② 37.52 7.05 0.19 ③ 47 5.8 0.12 ④ 31.63 4.28 0.14 ⑤ 42.99 2.82 0.07
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