离心超重力下物质运动试验及降雨模拟分析

凌道盛; 施昌宇; 郑建靖; 闫子壮; 赵天浩; 赵宇

doi:10.11779/CJGE20240046

离心超重力下物质运动试验及降雨模拟分析 English Version

凌道盛^{1, 2,},
施昌宇¹,
郑建靖^2, ,,
闫子壮²,
赵天浩¹,
赵宇^{1, 2}

1.
浙江大学软弱土与环境土工教育部重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310058
2.
浙江大学超重力研究中心, 浙江杭州 310058

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目 51988101

详细信息

作者简介:
凌道盛(1968—)，男，教授，主要从事土动力学、计算土力学方面的研究工作。E-mail: dsling@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郑建靖, E-mail: zhengjianjing@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU411
计量
- 文章访问数: 225
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- PDF下载量: 52
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-31

Tests on object motion in centrifugal hypergravity field and analysis of rainfall simulation

1.
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.
Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

摘要

摘要: 离心机是岩土工程学科开展缩尺模型试验的主要装置，被广泛应用于降雨、滑坡等工程问题。开展了一系列无约束小球运动离心试验，基于双目立体视觉原理还原小球轨迹并验证了离心超重力下质点运动的控制方程。在此基础上对离心降雨模拟进行数值分析并提出4项降雨均匀性指标。分析表明，质量变化与非惯性系耦合作用会使得物体受到一项额外的作用力。离心超重力下the Green Mist喷嘴模拟的降雨的空间和统计分布特征会在空气阻力和非惯性系作用下发生显著改变。降雨均匀性指标对于确定喷嘴阵列布置具有指导意义，以研究工况为例，2×2的the Green Mist喷嘴阵列沿边坡长度和宽度方向的喷嘴覆盖面积重叠率的推荐值分别为60.47%，55.36%。
- 非惯性系效应 /
- 离心机 /
- 降雨模拟 /
- 均匀性
Abstract: Centrifuges are the main devices to conduct scaled model tests in the geotechnical engineering discipline, which are widely used in engineering problems such as rainfall and landslides. In this study, a series of centrifugal tests on the motion of unconstrained spheres are carried out. The trajectories of the spheres are reconstructed based on the binocular stereo vision to verify the equations for particle motion in centrifugal hypergravity proposed by Ling et al. On this basis, the numerical analysis is conducted on centrifugal rainfall simulation, and four rainfall uniformity indexes are proposed. It is shown that the coupling of mass changes and non-inertial frame will result in an additional force acting on the object. The spatial and statistical distribution characteristics of rainfall from the Green Mist nozzle can be significantly changed by air resistance and the non-inertial frame forces. The rainfall uniformity indexes have guiding significance for determining the layout of nozzle arrays. Taking the research conditions in this study as an example, for the 2×2 Green Mist nozzle array, the recommended values of the overlap of nozzle coverage area along the length and width directions of the side slope are 60.47% and 55.36%, respectively.
- non-inertial frame effect /
- centrifuge /
- rainfall simulation /
- uniformity

HTML全文

图 1 ZJU400土工离心机及试验模型布置

Figure 1. ZJU400 centrifuge and arrangement of model

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图 2 小球轨迹获取流程示意图

Figure 2. Scheme of acquisition of ball trajectory

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图 3 图像识别的小球位置

Figure 3. Scheme of vision processing for ball tracking

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图 4 空间坐标计算示意图

Figure 4. Diagram of calculating spatial coordinate

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图 5 离心机坐标系

Figure 5. Coordinate systems for a centrifuge

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图 6 10g第1组试验小球下落轨迹与理论轨迹的对比

Figure 6. Comparison between theoretical and experimental trajectories in the first set of tests with 10g

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图 7 试验和理论落点的相对偏移量

Figure 7. Relative offsets between theoretical and experimental impact points

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图 8 单喷嘴雨滴轨迹

Figure 8. Trajectories of raindrops from a single nozzle

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图 9 不同下落高度的雨滴落点分布

Figure 9. Impact points of raindrops at different fall heights

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图 10 雨滴速度、角度以及直径的统计分布

Figure 10. Statistical distribution of velocities, angles and diameters of raindrops

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图 11 不同喷射速度下的雨滴平均冲击速度

Figure 11. Average impact velocities of raindrops with different injection velocities

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图 12 2×2喷嘴阵列模拟降雨模型示意图

Figure 12. Schematic of simulation model for rainfall

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图 13 不同喷嘴阵列间距下的均匀性指标

Figure 13. Uniformity indexes of different spacings of nozzle array

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图 14 离心加速度对最佳重叠率的影响

Figure 14. Influences of centrifugal acceleration on optimal overlap ratio

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表 1 降雨数值模拟参数

Table 1 Parameters for numerical simulation of rainfall

参数	值
雨滴数量	20200
最大喷射角/(°)	59
喷射速度/(m·s^-1)	18
速度标准差/(m·s^-1)	0.18
雨滴直径范围/m	(40~350)×10^-6
雨滴平均直径/m	121×10^-6
蒸发参数k₁/( ${\text{μm}} \cdot {{\text{s}}^{ - {\text{2}}}}$ )	115×10^-12
离心机有效半径R/m	4.5
模型箱高度h/m	1
离心加速度/g	50

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