南海西沙典型珊瑚砂岛礁场地地震响应模拟与监测研究

毕研栋; 郭桢; 卢劲锴; 王清; 陈慧娥; 黄雨

doi:10.11779/CJGE20230562

南海西沙典型珊瑚砂岛礁场地地震响应模拟与监测研究 English Version

毕研栋^1,,
郭桢^{1, 2, ,},
卢劲锴¹,
王清³,
陈慧娥³,
黄雨^{1, 2}

1.
同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑与工程系, 上海 200092
2.
同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室, 上海 200092
3.
吉林大学建设工程学院, 吉林长春 130061

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42072301

国家自然科学基金项目 42120104008

详细信息

作者简介:
毕研栋(1997—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事海洋工程地质方面的研究工作。E-mail: 2110056@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郭桢, E-mail: zhenguo@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-31

Numerical modeling and monitoring of the seismic response of coral reef island in Xisha Islands, South China Sea

BI Yandong^1,,
GUO Zhen^{1, 2, ,},
LU Jinkai¹,
WANG Qing³,
CHEN Hui'e³,
HUANG Yu^{1, 2}

1.
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3.
College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China

摘要

摘要: 南海珊瑚砂岛礁场地的非线性地震响应分析对中国南海岛礁建设的地震安全保障具有重要现实意义。以南海西沙某典型珊瑚砂岛礁为研究对象，建立了考虑该岛礁场地地形地貌特征及非饱和带水文地质特征的岛礁场地地震响应分析二维有限元数值模型。基于南海岛礁现场监测地震数据验证了模型的有效性，数值分析了不同输入地震信号的岛礁场地非线性地震响应规律。结果表明：①受岛礁岩盆效应影响，岛礁边缘处的PGA放大效应较为显著；沿高程方向，受地层岩性变化及地下水饱和度的影响，PGA放大因子曲线表现出明显的界面转折特征，并且松散珊瑚砂层的PGA放大效应较基岩更为显著；②岛礁场地加速度反应谱的卓越周期与输入地震动基本吻合，但岛礁场地的地表地震动显著持时与输入地震动相比均有不同幅度的延长；③全饱和与否对PGA放大因子和Arias强度有一定影响，但对PSA反应谱影响较小。研究成果可为南海西沙类似珊瑚砂岛礁场地的地震安全研究及场地抗震提供参考。
- 珊瑚砂岛礁 /
- 岛礁实测地震数据 /
- 场地地震响应分析 /
- 非饱和珊瑚砂
Abstract: The seismic response analysis of the coral islands in South China Sea is of practical significance for the seismic safety of the islands. A two-dimensional FEM model is established for a typical coral island in Xisha Islands considering the unsaturated zone caused by the fluctuation of daily tides. The accuracy of the model is then verified based on the seismic event records captured by the seismometers installed on the coral island. Then the nonlinear seismic response of the coral island with different earthquake signal inputs is explored. The major conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The PGA amplification is more significant at the edge of the island because of the bowl-shaped interface between the coral sands and reef limestone, decreases from the surface of the island (loose coral sand layer) with depth and bends at the lithological and the unsaturated-saturated interfaces. (2) The resonance periods of the acceleration response spectra coincide with those of the input ground motion. However, the surface ground motion durations are significantly enlarged as compared to those of bedrock. (3) The saturation degree impacts the PGA amplification factor and the Arias intensity, but has less effects on the PSA. The findings provide significant guide to the seismic stability evaluation and seismic design of the coral sand sites in Xisha Islands.
- coral sand island /
- earthquake record on coral island /
- seismic response analysis /
- unsaturated coral sand

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图 1 南海西沙某典型珊瑚砂岛礁场地平面图（上）和地质剖面图（下，据文献[15]，有改动）

Figure 1. Plan view and geological cross-section of a typical coral island in Xisha, South China Sea (modified after Reference [15])

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图 2 南海西沙某典型珊瑚砂岛礁潮汐曲线（据文献[6]，有改动）

Figure 2. Tidal curves of a typical coral island in Xisha, South China Sea (modified after Reference [6])

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图 3 典型珊瑚砂岛礁有限元模型示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of FEM model

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图 4 有限元分析模型边界条件示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of boundary conditions for FEM model

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图 5 本文所采用的地震震中（^#1、^#2-1、^#2-2、^#3、^#4）与地震台站的位置

Figure 5. Locations of selected epicenters and seismic stations in this study

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海南岛QIZ台站记录的四条地震波形、傅里叶频谱、主次卓越频率（ ${f_0}, {f_1}$ ）及岛礁场地卓越频率（ ${f_{\text{s}}}$ ）

Figure 6. Input seismic waveforms and Fourier spectra of four seismic recordings at bedrock station QIZ on Hainan Island

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图 7 模拟与实测的珊瑚岛礁地表中心S0处^#1地震记录的速度时程与傅氏谱

Figure 7. Comparison of observed and simulated time histories and spectra of event 1 at surface center of coral island

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图 8 4条地震记录在地表不同测点处（测点位置见图 4）的PGA放大因子

Figure 8. PGA amplification factors at monitoring points (Fig. 4) on surface of island for four input seismic records

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图 9 4条地震记录PGA放大因子岛礁中心S0处随高程变化

Figure 9. Variation of PGA amplification factors with altitude at center of coral island

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图 10 不同地震作用下基岩和地表不同点位处的加速度反应谱

Figure 10. Acceleration response spectra at bedrock and three monitoring points on surface for four input seismic records

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图 11 4条基岩输入地震波的Arias强度

Figure 11. Significant durations of four input bedrock motions

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图 12 岛礁地表不同点位的Arias强度

Figure 12. Significant durations at different locations

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图 13 4条地震记录在平均潮高工况和全饱和工况下的占总Arias强度的比

Figure 13. Arias intensities for different input seismic records

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图 14 4条地震记录在平均潮高工况和全饱和工况下的PSA谱

Figure 14. Acceleration response spectra for different input records

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图 15 ^#4地震记录在平均潮高和全饱和工况的放大因子对比

Figure 15. PGA amplification factors for input seismic record No.4

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表 1 岛礁有限元模型地质分层

Table 1 Geological stratification of FEM for coral island

土层	饱和度/%	地层海拔高程/m
①表层非饱和珊瑚砂	30	0.65~4
②潮间带非饱和珊瑚砂	60	0（平均潮位）
②潮间带非饱和珊瑚砂	60	-0.65（极高潮位）
③饱和珊瑚砂	100	-20~-0.25
④礁灰岩	—	-110~-20

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表 2 珊瑚砂层的HSS本构模型参数

Table 2 Parameters of HSS constitutive model for coral sands

模拟地层	${G_s}$	$\rho$ /(g·cm^-3)	${D_{\text{r}}}$ /%	${S_{\text{r}}}$ /%	$c'$ /MPa	$\varphi '$ /(°)	${p^{{\text{ref}}}}$ /kPa	$G_{\text{0}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ /MPa	${\gamma _{0.7}}$ /10^-5	$E_{{\text{50}}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ /MPa	$E_{ode}^{ref}$ /MPa	$E_{{\text{ur}}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ /MPa
表层非饱和珊瑚砂	2.75	1.09	55	30	3.67	43.55	50	58.23	8.63	14.45	14.45	43.35
潮间带非饱和珊瑚砂	2.75	1.37	65	60	4.56	44.72	100	80.89	11.35	18.37	18.37	55.11
饱和珊瑚砂	2.75	1.75	75	100	5.44	45.89	150	114.20	15.16	22.29	22.29	66.87
注： ${G_s}$ 为颗粒相对质量密度； $\rho$ 为密度； ${D_{\text{r}}}$ 为相对密实度； ${S_{\text{r}}}$ 为饱和度； $c'$ 为有效黏聚力； $\varphi '$ 为有效内摩擦角； ${p^{{\text{ref}}}}$ 为参考应力； $G_{\text{0}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ 为初始剪切模量； ${\gamma _{0.7}}$ 为剪切模量衰减到初始剪切模量70%时所对应的剪应变； $E_{{\text{50}}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ 为参考割线模量； $E_{\text{ode}}^{ref}$ 为参考切线模量； $E_{{\text{ur}}}^{{\text{ref}}}$ 为参考卸载再加载模量。

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表 3 礁灰岩层模型参数选取

Table 3 Parameters of constitutive model for reef limestone

类型	饱和密度/(g·cm^-3)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比
试验数据^[20]	1.63~2.07	7.9~12.9	0.23~0.27
线弹性本构	2	10	0.26

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表 4 选取的4条地震事件记录信息

Table 4 Information of four recordings of seismic events

序号	发震时间	震级	纬度/(°)	经度/(°)	深度/km	震中距/km
^#1	2020-01-07T06:05:19	6.3	2.34	96.35	17	2304.8
^#2-1	2020-06-04T08:46:28	4.3	-13.61	168.08	48	7042.4
^#2-2	2020-06-04T08:49:40	6.4	2.91	128.24	112	2304.8
^#3	2020-07-17T14:03:40	6.1	11.84	94.93	10	1884.9
^#4	2020-12-10T13:19:58	6.1	24.78	122.02	71	1414.7

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表 5 基岩及地表观测点处地震动显著持时

Table 5 Significant durations of ground motion at bedrock and three monitoring points on surface 单位: s

测点	^#1地震	^#2地震	^#3地震	^#4地震
基岩地震动	412.7	382.2	522.2	369.9
S17	531.3	592.7	424.5	536.3
S0	610.5	393.2	464.6	375.6
S6	586.3	637.3	409.2	560.9

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