Model tests and simulation analyses of starting characteristics of muck in slurry-discharge pipelines of slurry shield in sandy pebble stratum
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摘要: 泥水盾构在砂卵石地层掘进的过程中，由于排浆管路中存在大量不规则卵石，排浆管路输送尤为复杂。设计了环流试验装置，并基于计算流体动力学与离散单元法（CFD-DEM）耦合方法建立了三维瞬态数值模型，对不同形状、粒径、管路倾角、弯头及管径下的卵石起动特性进行了探究。在模型试验中，羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）浆液被选为载液，透明亚克力管被选为载体；在CFD-DEM耦合模型中，分别通过流变测试和三维扫描技术考虑了浆液的流变性和不规则卵石的形状。结果表明：①当异形卵石粒径和管路倾角相同时，卵石的起动速度大小顺序呈现椭球状＞扁平状＞近球状；②当异形卵石形状和管路倾角时，卵石的起动速度随等容粒径的增大先增大后减小再增大；③对于球形卵石，在水平管路中，卵石的起动速度随粒径的增大先增大后减小再增大，在倾斜和竖直管路中，卵石的起动速度随粒径的增大而减小；④卵石的起动速度随管径的增大而增大；⑤卵石起动速度较大的位置主要出现在较大角度（如60°，90°）的弯头位置处，这是因为当管路倾角≥60°时，在弯头位置处将会出现漩涡区，漩涡区流速与主流区流速相反，阻碍卵石运动，因此在铺设管路时，应尽量减少倾斜角度较大（≥60°）管路的铺设，多采用水平管路或倾斜角度较小（≤45°）的管路。Abstract:During the excavation process of slurry shield tunneling in sandy pebble stratum, the discharge pipeline transport is particularly complex due to a large number of irregular pebbles in the slurry-discharge pipelines. In this study, a circulating current test device is designed, and a three-dimensional transient numerical model is established using the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupling method. The start-up characteristics of the pebbles under different shapes, particle sizes, inclination angles of pipelines, elbow and pipeline diameters are investigated, respectively. In the model tests, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) slurry is used as the carrier liquid, and the transparent acrylic tube is used as the carrier. In the CFD-DEM coupling model, the rheological properties of slurry and the shape of irregular pebbles are considered through the rheological testing and three-dimensional scanning technology, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) Under the same particle size of irregular pebbles and inclination angle of pipelines, the starting velocity of the pebbles follows an order of ellipsoidal shape > flat shape > nearly spherical shapes; (2) Under the same shape of irregular pebbles and inclination angle of pipelines, the starting velocity of pebbles first increases, then decreases, and then increases with the increase of the isometric particle size. (3) For the spherical pebbles, in a horizontal pipeline, the starting velocity of the pebbles first increases, then decreases, and then increases with the increase of the particle size. In the inclined and vertical pipelines, the starting velocity of the pebbles decreases with the increase of the particle size. (4) The starting velocity of the pebbles increases with the increase of the pipe line diameter. (5) The positions with higher starting velocity of pebbles mainly appear at the elbow positions with larger angles (such as 60°and 90°). This is because when the inclination angle of pipelines is≥60°, a vortex zone will appear at the elbow position. The velocity in the vortex zone is opposite to the velocity in the mainstream zone, which hinders the movement of the pebbles. Therefore, when laying pipelines, it is necessary to minimize the laying of large-angle-inclined and vertical pipelines as much as possible, and it is recommended to use more horizontal pipelines or pipelines with small inclination angles (≤45°).
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Keywords:
- slurry shield /
- large irregular pebbles /
- critical starting velocity /
- model test /
- CFD-DEM coupling
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图 6 不同管路倾角下，卵石起动速度随形状系数变化图（模型试验结果，D=150 mm）
Figure 6. Change of starting speed of pebble with shape coefficient under different pipe inclination angles
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图 8 不同形状卵石运动速度随时间变化曲线图
Figure 8. Curves of movement speed of pebble with different shapes with time
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图 9 不同形状卵石起动速度试验结果与数值模拟结果对比（D=150 mm）
Figure 9. Comparison between test and numerical results of starting speed of pebbles with different shapes
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图 10 扁平状与椭球状卵石运动过程中角速度变化情况
Figure 10. Variation of angular velocity during movement of flat pebble and ellipsoidal pebble
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图 11 不同管路倾角下异形卵石起动速度随等容粒径变化图(D=150 mm)
Figure 11. Variation of starting speed of pebble with equal volume particle size (D=150 mm)
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图 12 不同管路倾角下异形卵石起动速度随等容粒径变化图(D=100 mm)
Figure 12. Variation of starting speed of pebble with isometric particle size (D=100 mm)
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图 13 不同管路倾角下卵石起动速度随相对粒径变化图
Figure 13. Variation of starting speed of pebbles with relative particle size under different inclination angles of
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图 14 基于不同等容粒径的水平管路卵石受力
Figure 14. Stresses on pebbles of horizontal pipeline based on different isometric particle sizes
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图 15 不同粒径卵石起动速度试验结果与数值模拟结果对比（D=150 mm）
Figure 15. Comparison between test and numerical results of starting speed of pebbles with different particle sizes (D=150 mm)
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图 16 不同管路倾角下球形卵石起动速度随粒径变化图
Figure 16. Variation of starting speed of spherical pebbles with particle size under different inclination angles of pipes
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图 17 不同管径下卵石起动速度随等容粒径变化图
Figure 17. Variation of pebble starting speed with isometric particle size under different pipe diameters (vertical pipeline)
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图 18 同一卵石在同一流速不同管径管路中迎流面受力情况示意图
Figure 18. Stresses on upstream face of same pebble in pipelines with same flow velocity and different pipe diameters
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图 19 球形和异形卵石在管道各位置处临界起动流速
Figure 19. Critical starting velocities of spherical and irregular pebbles at each position of pipeline
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图 20 湍流状态下浆液在水平、45°倾斜管特殊部位流速分布图
Figure 20. Distribution of flow velocity of slurry at special parts of horizontal and inclined pipes under turbulent state
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图 21 湍流状态下浆液在水平、60°倾斜管特殊部位流速分布图
Figure 21. Distribution of flow velocity of slurry at special parts of horizontal and 60°inclined pipes under turbulent state
表 1 试验浆液与泥浆参数对比
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of soils
材料 浆液黏度/s 浆液密度/(g·cm-3) CMC溶液 22.05 1.15 泥浆 20~35 1.05~1.3 
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表 2 不同形状卵石几何参数表
Table 2 Geometric parameters of pebbles with different shapes
标号 密度/
(g·cm-3)形状系数 扁平度 饱满度 等容粒径/
mm29 2.116 0.256 3.958 1.21 36.28 33 2.296 0.351 3.000 1.07 37 2.224 0.471 2.150 1.10 4 2.180 0.548 1.841 1.10 7 2.184 0.635 1.600 1.07 9 2.040 0.728 1.375 1.05 6 2.228 0.803 1.276 1.08 3 2.064 0.904 1.109 1.06
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表 3 不同等容粒径卵石几何参数表
Table 3 Table of geometric parameters of pebbles with different isometric sizes
标号 密度/
(g·cm-3)等容粒径/mm 扁平度 饱满度 形状系数 31 2.893 30.59 2.129~2.222 0.97~1.10 0.470~0.474 36 2.790 38.55 27 2.612 41.71 16 2.664 51.18 18 2.767 59.53 24 2.707 62.85 21 2.786 64.42
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表 4 不同球形卵石几何参数表
Table 4 Geometric parameters of pebbles with different shapes
标号 密度/(g·cm-3) 粒径/mm 右1 2.400 25 右2 2.440 30 右3 2.390 40 右4 2.450 50 右5 2..410 60 右6 2.400 70 右7 2.390 80
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表 5 FLUENT和EDEM仿真参数表
Table 5 Parameters of FLUENT and EDEM simulation
参数 渣石 亚克力管 渣石-渣石 亚克力管-渣石 剪切模量/Pa 2.212×1010 3.16×109 — — 泊松比 0.13 0.32 — — 密度/(kg·cm-3) 2000~2800 1190 — — 恢复系数 — — 0.05 0.05 静摩擦系数 — — 0.25 0.25 滚动摩擦系数 — — 0.01 0.01
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