加载速率影响下板裂化脆性岩石失稳破坏试验研究

金爱兵; 陈龙; 吴顺川; 郭沛; 孙贝贝

doi:10.11779/CJGE20230241

加载速率影响下板裂化脆性岩石失稳破坏试验研究 English Version

金爱兵^{1, 2,},
陈龙^{1, 2, 3},
吴顺川^{1, 2, 4, ,},
郭沛^{1, 2, 5},
孙贝贝^{1, 2}

1.
北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083
2.
北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.
中铁开发投资集团有限公司, 云南昆明 650500
4.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南昆明 650093
5.
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用全国重点实验室, 北京 102211

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2022YFC2905102

国家自然科学基金项目 51934003

国家自然科学基金项目 52174106

云南省重大科技项目 202202 AG050014

详细信息

作者简介:
金爱兵(1974—)，男，博士，教授，主要从事岩石力学与工程方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: jinaibing@ustb.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴顺川, E-mail: wushunchuan@kust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU452
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-04
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-31

Experimental study on instability destruction of slab-failure brittle rock under influences of loading rates

JIN Aibing^{1, 2,},
CHEN Long^{1, 2, 3},
WU Shunchuan^{1, 2, 4, ,},
GUO Pei^{1, 2, 5},
SUN Beibei^{1, 2}

1.
Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
China Railway Development and Investment Group Co., Kunming 650500, China
4.
Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
5.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing 102211, China

摘要

摘要: 深部脆性岩体开挖常发生板裂破坏，并可能进一步发生片帮剥落、岩爆等工程灾害，严重威胁深埋隧(巷)道施工安全。在深部岩体工程中，受构造应力、开挖条件和工程扰动等因素的影响，岩体开挖后应力重分布的速率、来压快慢均存在差别。为探究加载速率对板裂围岩失稳破坏的影响，采用脆性岩石加工成的板裂试样进行单侧限单轴压缩试验，对不同加载速率下试样宏观破裂、强度特性、声发射(AE)特征以及能量机制进行综合研究。结果表明：①低加载速率下试样发生大块剥落，整体失稳并发生分离，高加载速率下试样未发生大块分离，但有小块动力弹射现象；②低频、高幅信号的增多及b值的变化表明试样产生了突发式的裂纹失稳扩展，且这个过程中大小尺度破裂不断交替产生；③在平稳加载阶段，高加载速率使试样AE活动更加剧烈，而临近失稳及失稳破坏阶段则相反，且低加载速率下低频信号、大尺度破裂事件占比更大。因不同开挖方案、施工方法导致的围岩应力重布快慢差异，在工程上会导致围岩发生板裂后，进一步诱发不同模式破坏。
- 板裂 /
- 声发射 /
- 脆性岩石 /
- 参数分析 /
- 破坏模式
Abstract: Excavation of deep brittle rock often leads to slab failure, and may further to flake spalling, rock explosion and other engineering disasters, which is a serious threat to the safety of construction of deeply buried tunnels. In deep rock mass engineering, the rate of stress redistribution after excavation varies due to the factors such as tectonic stress, excavation conditions and engineering disturbances. In order to investigate the effects of loading rates on the destabilization damage of slab-failure surrounding rock, the unilateral limit uniaxial compression tests are conducted using brittle rock processed into slab-failure specimens, and the macroscopic rupture, strength characteristics, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and energy mechanism of the specimens are comprehensively investigated under different loading rates. The results show that: (1) The specimens exhibit large pieces of spalling, overall instability and separation under low loading rates. The specimens did not separate in large pieces under high loading rates, but there are small pieces of power ejection. The compressive strength of the specimens increases with the increase of the loading rates. (2) The increase of low frequency and high amplitude signals and the change of b-value indicate that the specimens have a sudden failure instability propagation, and the large- and small-scale fractures are alternately generated during this process. (3) At the steady loading stage, the high loading rates make the AE activity of the specimens more intense, while the opposite is true at the near destabilization damage stages, and the low-frequency signal and large-scale fracture events account for a greater proportion under low loading rates. The difference in the speed of stress re-distribution due to different excavation schemes and construction methods in engineering is the cause of further damage in different modes after the occurrence of slab failure in the surrounding rock.
- slab failure /
- acoustic emission /
- brittle rock /
- parameter analysis /
- failure mode

HTML全文

图 1 试验设备、试样设计及声发射系统工作流程

Figure 1. Test equipments, specimen design and workflow of acoustic emission system

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图 2 不同加载速率下试样宏观破裂行为

Figure 2. Macro-fracture behaviors of specimens under different loading rates

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图 3 不同加载速率下完整试样宏观破裂

Figure 3. Macro-fracture of complete specimens under different loading rates

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图 4 试样强度特性曲线

Figure 4. Strength characteristic curves of specimens

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图 5 不同加载速率下AE事件率、AE累计事件数和应力与时间的关系

Figure 5. AE event rate, cumulative number of AE events and stress versus time under different loading rates

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图 6 不同加载速率下试样的AE主频-幅值-时间变化图

Figure 6. Variation of AE frequency-amplitude-time of specimens under different loading rates

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图 7 不同加载速率下试样AE信号主频分布

Figure 7. Distribution of dominant frequency of AE signals of specimens under different loading rates

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图 8 不同应力阶段下低频AE信号占比

Figure 8. Percentages of low dominant frequency AE signals under different stress stages

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图 9 不同加载速率下b值、应力及AE事件率随时间变化示意图

Figure 9. Variation of b-value, stress and AE event rate with time under different loading rates

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图 10 峰值及峰后能量计算示意图

Figure 10. Calculation of peak and post-peak energy

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表 1 不同加载速率下能量密度

Table 1 Energy densities under different loading rates

加载速率/(kN·s^-1)	释放弹性能U_ef-U_es /(10⁴ J·m^-3)	剩余弹性能U_es /(10⁴ J·m^-3)	峰后总耗散能加动能U_ds+U_k /(10⁴ J·m^-3)
0.10	2.65	0.81	5.41
0.25	3.84	0.67	7.65
0.50	4.29	0.88	7.27
1.00	3.71	1.17	6.15
2.00	3.74	1.23	6.02

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