Model tests and bearing characteristics of tunnels under semi-inlaid mudstone and semi-loess
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摘要: 隧道进出口通常会出现在傍山边坡，亦不可避免地存在半嵌软岩半覆土体的隧道围岩地质条件，针对傍山隧道极易遭受滑坡灾害的威胁问题，开展半嵌泥岩半覆黄土傍山隧道衬砌的承载特性研究具有重要的理论与工程意义。基于可实现边坡侧向非均匀加载的模型试验装置，开展了近邻滑坡的、半嵌泥岩半覆黄土隧道模型试验，评价了半嵌泥岩半覆黄土傍山隧道衬砌的承载特性。研究表明，模型试验有效揭示了傍山隧道衬砌弯矩分布的偏压特性，潜在滑动面贯穿使得傍山隧道衬砌受力愈加恶化，使得隧道衬砌弯矩峰值增大了43.23%，同时隧道衬砌位置产生了更大的偏移。Abstract: The entrance and exit of a tunnel usually appear in the side slope of a mountain, so the tunnel has a kind of the inevitable existence embedded in soft rock and overlying soil. In view of this, the tunnel may be vulnerable to the threat of landslide disasters. It is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the bearing characteristics of tunnel linings under semi-mudstone and semi-loess. Based on the model test device which has realized the non-uniform lateral loading on the slope, the model tests are carried out under semi-mudstone and semi-loess, and the corresponding bearing characteristics of tunnel linings are evaluated under the neighboring landslide. The results show that the partial pressure characteristics of bending moment of the tunnel linings are effectively revealed. The movement of potential sliding surface reduces the mechanical characteristics of the tunnel linings, which increases the peak bending moment of the tunnel linings by 43.23% and causes a certain displacement at the position of the tunnel linings.
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Keywords:
- loess /
- mudstone /
- tunnel /
- model test /
- moment of lining
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图 2 半嵌泥岩半覆黄土隧道模型试验工况
Figure 2. Model test conditions of tunnel under semi-inlaid mudstone and semi-loess
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图 4 左侧压板顶水平加载10 cm水平位移时模型变化
Figure 4. Change process of slope model with horizontal displacement of 10 cm loaded at top of left-hand platen
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图 9 数值模拟中非均匀荷载的加载方式
Figure 9. Loading modes of non-uniform loads in numerical simulation
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图 10 隧道衬砌模型的计算应力云图
Figure 10. Nephogram of simulated stress of tunnel lining model in numerical simulation
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图 12 数值模拟与模型试验的弯矩峰值对比
Figure 12. Comparison of peak bending moments between numerical simulations and model tests
表 1 黄土及重塑泥岩物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of loess and remolded mudstone
基本参数 黄土 重塑泥岩 密度/(g·cm-3) 1.38 1.60 含水率/% 10.5 14.0 干密度/(g·cm-3) 1.25 1.40 Gs 2.72 2.78 黏聚力/kPa 30.0 45.0 内摩擦角/(°) 18.1 21.0 
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表 2 隧道衬砌位置应变峰值
Table 2 Peak strains at each monitoring positions of tunnel linings
采集点 右侧拱肩A3 右侧拱脚A7 左侧拱脚A11 左侧拱肩
A15工况一 0.004081 0.003886 0.004205 0.004127 工况二 0.004229 0.00566 0.004714 0.004761
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表 3 数值模型材料参数
Table 3 Material parameters in numerical model
均质材料 密度
/(g·cm-3)黏聚力/kPa 摩擦角/(°) 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 黄土 1.38 30 18.1 15 0.38 重塑泥岩 1.60 45 21.0 20 0.30 隧道模型 1.20 — — 3000 0.37
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