Characteristics and mechanism of adhesion between organic clay soil and metal surface
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摘要: 土中有机质的存在对土-金属界面黏附有显著影响，但其影响规律及机制尚缺乏系统研究。通过在蒙脱石、伊利石和高岭土中添加泥炭，配置了不同矿质、有机质含量的黏性土样。利用MC-100型拉力试验机测试了不同含水率土-金属界面黏附力。试验结果表明：在塑限至液限含水率范围内，黏附力F与含水率w的关系曲线为典型的“钟型”；有机质含量wu增大会导致F-w曲线由高陡变扁平；土样峰值黏附力Fmax随有机质含量wu变化可分为3个阶段：波动或缓慢下降（上升）阶段、急剧下降阶段和趋于稳定阶段。利用傅积平法测试了3种黏土矿物对有机质的饱和吸附量，从而明确了有机质在土中赋存形态随有机质含量变化的过程。机理分析表明：除了有机质含量外，有机质在土中的赋存形态对土样宏观黏附力也有显著影响。最后对分布于昆明地铁5号线沿线的天然泥炭土-金属界面黏附力进行了测试，得出其黏附力较小、黏附风险较小的结论，盾构机穿越泥炭土层没出现严重黏附刀盘或堵塞现象验证了该结论。Abstract: The presence of organic matter in soil has a significant effect on the soil-metal interface adhesion, but its influencing law and mechanism have not been systematically studied. By adding peat to montmorillonite, illite and kaolin, three groups of clay samples with different mineral and organic matter contents are prepared. The adhesion between the soil-metal interfaces with different moisture contents is tested by using the MC-100 tensile testing machine. The test results show that the relation curve between the adhesion force F and water content w is a typical "bell-shape" in the range from the plastic limit to the liquid limit water content. With the increase of the organic matter content wu, the curve of F-w changes from high to flat. With the increase of the organic matter content wu, the change of peak adhesion Fmax can be divided into three stages: fluctuation or slow decline (or ascending) stage, significant decline stage, and stable stage. The saturation adsorption of the organic matter with three kinds of clay minerals is measured by the Fu's method, and the occurrence forms of the organic matter in soil change with the content of the organic matter. The mechanism analysis shows that in addition to the content of the organic matter, the form of the organic matter in soil also has a significant effect on the macroscopic adhesion of soil samples. Finally, the adhesion force of the natural peat soil-metal interface distributed along Line 5 of Kunming Metro is tested, and it is concluded that the adhesion force is small, and the risk of adhesion is also small, which is verified by the fact that the shield machine traversing through the peat layer does not show any serious adhesion to the cutter plate or clogging phenomenon.
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Keywords:
- adhesion /
- clay mineral /
- pull-out test /
- consistency index /
- organic matter content
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图 4 不同有机质含量的配置土
Figure 4. Artificial soil samples with different organic matter contents
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图 5 含有机质蒙脱石土样黏附力与含水率关系
Figure 5. Adhesion versus water content for montmorillonite soil samples containing organic matter
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图 7 含有机质土的界限含水率与有机质含量关系
Figure 7. Limit moisture content versus organic matter content for soil samples
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图 13 土中不同赋存状态有机质含量与土中有机质含量关系
Figure 13. Relationship between contents of different forms of organic matter and total organic matter in the soil
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图 14 土中有机质赋存形态变化及土-金属界面吸附模型
Figure 14. Conceptual model for transformation of organic matter in soil
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图 15 峰值黏附力与土的有机质含量关系模型
Figure 15. Model for peak adhesion versus organic matter content
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图 17 天然泥炭土峰值黏附力在模型中的位置
Figure 17. Peak adhesion versus organic matter content for natural peaty soil
表 1 黏土矿物和泥炭的物理性质
Table 1 Characteristics of test clay minerals and peat
名称 液限wL/% 塑限wp/% 黏粒含量①/% SSA②/(m2·g-1) 蒙脱石 194.5 47.1 42.1 520.0 伊利石 95.3 45.7 25.3 84.0 高岭土 42.5 29.6 12.5 15.6 泥炭 762.3 154.8 — 894.1 注：①粒径小于0.005 mm，采用激光粒度仪测试；②比表面积，采用BET测试法。 
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表 2 试验方案
Table 2 Testing programs
类别 有机质含量wu /% 项目 蒙脱石 0.0，3.5，6.0，7.5，10.1，12.6，15.3，17.7，29.0，40.7，51.4，77.8 界限含水率试验
拉力试验伊利石 0.0，2.1，3.2，5.2，7.4，10.3，16.0，24.2，31.4，44.2，55.2，70.0 高岭土 0.0，2.0，3.0，4.5，7.8，11.3，17.9，21.4，34.0，44.2，52.1，75.1
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表 3 拐点及阈值对应有机质含量表
Table 3 Statistical table of inflection points corresponding to organic matter content and threshold
黏土矿物 紧结态
wu, 1/%稳结态
(wu, 2-wu, 1)/%结合态
wu, 2拐点
wu/%蒙脱石 7.9 4.2 12.1 12.5 伊利石 5.9 3.5 9.4 8.2 高岭土 4.5 2.4 6.9 7.8
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表 4 含有机质黏土-金属界面黏附力指标
Table 4 Statistical table of adhesion between clay soil containing organic matter and metal surface
黏土
类型有机质含量
wu/%峰值黏附力
Fmax/kPa黏附问题
严重程度蒙脱石 wu＜12.5% 7.53~7.02 严重 12.5%＜wu＜30% 7.02~3.83 较严重 wu＞30% 3.83~2.14 不严重 伊利石 wu＜8.2% 5.80~5.60 较严重 8.2%＜wu＜30% 5.60~3.20 不严重 wu＞30% 3.20~2.35 不严重 高岭土 wu＜7.8% 3.95~3.80 不严重 7.8%＜wu＜30% 3.80~3.04 不严重 wu＞30% 3.04~2.20 不严重
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表 5 天然泥炭土基本物理力学性质
Table 5 Characteristics of test peaty soils
取样
位置取样深度
/m取样
方法重度
γ/(kN·m-3)含水率
w/%孔隙比
e液限
wL/%塑限
wp/%抗剪强度（CU） 有机质含量wu/% 黏聚力c/kPa 内摩擦角φ/(°) 场地一 12.4~13.1 坑底 16.3 72.0 1.98 84.2 33.2 14.2 4.6 13.4 场地二 4.5~5.0 坑底 14.3 152.3 4.13 160.2 81.7 9.2 4.2 27.2 场地三 18.6~18.8 钻孔 12.8 236.5 4.30 247.6 152.4 8.4 3.9 43.2 场地四 2.4~3.0 坑底 11.2 301.4 5.12 290.0 152.8 7.6 2.8 50.5
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