Damage evolution mechanism and safety evaluation criterion of ultra-high rockfill dam system under strong earthquakes
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摘要: 中国西部拟建多座坝高250~300 m级别的特高土石坝工程，但西部地区地震频度高、强度大，地震的突发性和不确定性对这些特高土石坝的抗震安全构成了巨大威胁。高土石坝抗震安全评价是多系统、真三维、非线性、非连续的复杂问题。然而，传统高土石坝动力分析方法仍在弱非线性范围内，各种相互作用的影响大多被简化并孤立进行，难以对强震作用下特高土石坝动力破坏过程、耦合效应及其影响进行深入研究和科学认识。面向中国300 m级特高土石坝建设需求，依托RM、拉哇等特高土石坝，重点突破了筑坝材料强非线性、大坝-地基-库水动力相互作用、精细化建模和分析方法、自主高性能计算软件以及极限抗震能力评价方法和标准等方面的一系列科学问题和技术难题。研究成果为特高土石坝抗震安全设计提供了先进的评价方法和标准。Abstract: Several ultra-high earth and rockfill dams up to 250 to 300 m in height are to be built in the intensive earthquake regions of West China. The strong outburst and high uncertainty of strong earthquakes pose a great threat to the safety of ultra-high earth and rockfill dams. The seismic safety evaluation of the ultra-high earth and rockfill dams is a multi-system, three-dimensional, nonlinear and discontinuous problem. However, the traditional dynamic analysis of high earth and rockfill dams is still within the range of weak nonlinearity, and the effects of multi-system interaction are mostly simplified and carried out in isolation, which is difficult to reveal the dynamic failure process and coupling effects of the ultra-high earth and rockfill dams under strong earthquakes. The project is oriented to the construction needs of 300 m-ultra-high earth and rockfill dams. Relying on the ultra-high earth and rockfill dams such as Lava and RM, the strong nonlinearity of the rockfill materials, dam-foundation-reservoir interactions, refined modelling methods, high-performance software and the assessment methods and criteria for the ultimate seismic capacity of the ultra-high earth and rockfill dams are studied. The results can provide advanced assessment methods and criteria for the aseismic design of ultra-high earth and rockfill dams.
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图 2 筑坝料缩尺效应对阿尔塔什面板坝计算变形的影响
Figure 2. Influences of scale effect on deformation analysis of Aertashi CFRD
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图 3 复杂加载条件RM堆石料试验结果和模型模拟对比
Figure 3. Comparison between test results and model simulations for RM rockfill materials under complex loading conditions
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图 4 高精度的坝–库水流固耦合分析方法
Figure 4. High-precision dam-reservoir interaction analysis method
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图 6 复杂几何的多面体单元构造方法
Figure 6. Method for constructing polyhedral cells with complex geometry
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图 9 高土石坝钉结护面板抗震措施效果评价
Figure 9. Evaluation of nail-tied panel for seismic deformation of high earth and rockfill dams
表 1 高土石坝极限抗震能力指标
Table 1 Criteria for ultimate seismic capacity of high earth and rockfill dams
坝型 震陷率/% 滑移量/m 接缝位移 面板坝 1.1 1.2（滑弧穿过坝顶中点） 止水的最大变形量：沉降100 mm，张开100 mm，剪切80 mm 心墙坝 1.3 1.4（滑弧穿过过渡和反滤交界区域） —— 
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