考虑干密度影响的压实黄土土水特征与渗透特性试验研究

张林; 李同录; 陈存礼

doi:10.11779/CJGE202205018

考虑干密度影响的压实黄土土水特征与渗透特性试验研究 English Version

张林^{1, 2,},
李同录^{1, 2, ,},
陈存礼³

1.
长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 陕西西安 710054
2.
黄土高原水循环与地质坏境教育部野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃正宁 745339
3.
西安理工大学岩土工程研究所陕西省黄土力学与工程重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41790442

国家自然科学基金项目 41772278

国家自然科学基金项目 41877242

详细信息

作者简介:
张林(1995—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事非饱和土渗流固结方面研究。E-mail: zhanglin0201@chd.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李同录，E-mail: dcdgx08@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU411
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-30

Soil-water characteristics and permeability of compacted loess considering effects of dry density

ZHANG Lin^{1, 2,},
LI Tong-lu^{1, 2, ,},
CHEN Cun-li³

1.
College of Geological Engineering and Surveying, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Water Cycle and Geological Environment Observation and Research Station for the Chinese Loess Plateau, Ministry of Education, Zhengning 745339, China
3.
Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Loess Mechanics and Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究干密度对压实黄土土水特征、渗透特性的影响，用一维瞬时土柱渗透仪开展了不同干密度压实黄土的常水头渗透试验，得到了入渗量、体积含水率、吸力时程线与土水特征曲线；利用瞬态剖面法计算了非饱和渗透系数，分别得到其与吸力和饱和度的关系曲线。结果表明：干密度增大，入渗量时程线趋于平缓，吸力和体积含水率时程线转折点后移，陡变段斜率增大，其变化规律可用5个时间段进行描述；水自试样底部流出稳定后，不同干密度试样皆未完全饱和，其最大饱和度随干密度增大而增大；干密度增大，土水特征曲线上移，渗透性曲线规律性下移。基于试验结果，分别建立了直接考虑干密度影响的土水特征和渗透性函数的归一化模型。
- 干密度 /
- 压实黄土 /
- 渗透试验 /
- 土水特征 /
- 渗透性
Abstract: In order to investigate the influences of dry density on the soil-water characteristics and permeability of compacted loess, a one-dimensional instantaneous soil column infiltration instrument is used to carry out the constant head infiltration tests on the compacted loess with different dry densities, and the time-history curves of infiltration volume, volumetric water content and suction and the soil-water characteristic curves at the monitoring section are obtained. The unsaturated permeability coefficient is calculated by the transient profile method, and the relationship curves among permeability coefficient, suction and saturation are drawn respectively. The research results show that as the dry density increases, the time-history curves of infiltration tend to be flat, the turning point curves of the time-history of suction and volumetric water content move back, and the slope of the steep change section increases. Five time periods can be used to describe the change law. After the water flow from the bottom of the soil column is stable, the samples are not fully saturated, and the saturation increases with the dry density. As the dry density increases, the soil-water characteristic curve moves upward as a whole, and the function curves of permeability coefficient move downward as a whole. Based on the test results, the normalized models for the soil-water characteristic and permeability curves that directly consider the influences of dry density are established respectively.
- dry density /
- compacted loess /
- infiltration test /
- soil-water characteristic /
- permeability

HTML全文

图 1 一维瞬时土柱渗透仪示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of one-dimensional instantaneous soil column permeability instrument

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图 2 张力计饱和原理图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram for saturating tensiometer

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图 3 输出电压与压力关系

Figure 3. Relationship between output voltage and stress

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图 4 干密度对入渗量时程曲线的影响

Figure 4. Influences of dry density on time-history curve of infiltration

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图 5 干密度对体积含水率时程曲线的影响

Figure 5. Influences of dry density on time-history curve of volumetric water content

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图 6 干密度对吸力时程曲线的影响

Figure 6. Influences of dry density on time-history curve of suction

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图 7 不同试验方法S_r–Ψ关系对比

Figure 7. Comparison of relationships between S_r and Ψ by different test methods

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图 8 不同干密度下的S_r–Ψ关系曲线

Figure 8. Relationship curves of S_r–Ψ under different dry densities

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图 9 Ψ_c–ρ_d关系

Figure 9. Relationship of Ψ_c–ρ_d

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图 10 不同干密度下S_r–Ψ/Ψ_c归一化曲线

Figure 10. Normalized curves of S_r–Ψ/Ψ_c under different dry densities

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图 11 在t₁与t₂时刻任意截面典型的体积含水率与水头分布

Figure 11. Typical volumetric moisture content and head distribution of soil column at any section at time t₁ and t₂

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图 12 Q–T关系曲线

Figure 12. Relationship curve of Q–T

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图 13 不同干密度下的k_w– $\overline {{S_{\text{r}}}}$ 关系曲线

Figure 13. Relationship curves of k_w– $\overline {{S_{\text{r}}}}$ under different dry densities

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图 14 k_rw– $\overline {{S_{\text{r}}}}$ 归一化曲线

Figure 14. Normalized curves of k_rw– $\overline {{S_{\text{r}}}}$

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图 15 k_s–ρ_d关系

Figure 15. Relationship of k_s–ρ_d

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图 16 不同干密度下的k_w– $\overline \psi$ 关系曲线

Figure 16. Relationship curves of k_w– $\overline \psi$ under different dry densities

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图 17 k_w– $\overline \psi$ 归一化曲线

Figure 17. Normalized curves of k_w– $\overline \psi$

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表 1 土样的基本物理性质指标

Table 1 Basic physical properties of soil samples

G_s	天然含水率w/%	天然干密度ρ_d/(g·cm^-3)	液限w_L/%	塑限w_p/%	塑性指数I_P	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c	颗粒组成/%
G_s	天然含水率w/%	天然干密度ρ_d/(g·cm^-3)	液限w_L/%	塑限w_p/%	塑性指数I_P	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c	> 0.075 mm	0.075~0.005 mm	≤0.005 mm
2.70	6.2~8.2	1.3~1.4	24.9	16.5	8.4	2.58	1.27	28	58	14

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表 2 含水率8%时黄土的物理性质及吸力对比

Table 2 Comparison of physical properties and suctions of loess with water content of 8%

文献	取样地	w_L/%	w_P/%	I_P	颗粒组成/%			ρ_d/(g·cm^-3)	含水率8%对应的吸力值/kPa
	取样地	w_L/%	w_P/%	I_P	> 0.075 mm	0.075~0.005 mm	≤0.005 mm	ρ_d/(g·cm^-3)	含水率8%对应的吸力值/kPa
本文	兰州	24.9	16.5	8.4	28.00	58.00	14.0	1.35	90
Hou Xiao-kun等^[25]	兰州	27.5	18.3	9.2	16.00	68.00	16.0	1.35	80
邵显显^[26]	兰州	27.5	18.0	9.5	8.00	75.00	17.0	1.37	70
蔡国庆等^[27]	山西阳城	24.0	12.8	11.2	16.79	64.01	19.2	1.40	70
孙永斌等^[28]	河南灵宝	23.8	16.5	7.3	—	—	—	1.36	80
张登飞等^[10]	西安	30.9	19.8	11.1	4.00	73.00	23.0	1.28	大于200
姚志华等^[17]	兰州	28.7	17.6	11.1	—	—	—	1.28	180
江耀^[29]	兰州	27.8	17.7	10.1	0.45	84.55	15.0	1.43	160

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