Unit tests on shield tail brush annular sealing system and its watertightness mechanism
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摘要: 盾构法已经成为了城市地铁隧道建设的主流施工法，由于盾尾刷密封效果不佳导致的漏水、漏浆等重大安全责任事故屡屡发生。通过建立盾尾刷-油脂腔密封系统密封单元试验装置，探讨油脂稠度、油脂压力、盾尾间隙对其水密性能的影响。试验结果表明：①根据油脂锥入度不同，盾尾密封渗漏出现两种模式：锥入度低时渗漏物为外界泥水，锥入度高时渗漏物为外界泥水与油脂混合物。为提高盾尾密封性能，油脂锥入应控制180~200(1/10 mm)范围内。②盾尾渗漏临界压力可由油脂压力、贴合力确定，略微小于油脂压力，因此工程中设定油脂压力比盾尾空隙中泥水或注浆浆液压力大0.5 MPa是合理的。③盾尾渗漏临界压力受油脂压力影响更大些，但盾尾刷贴合力则影响油脂逃逸和油脂压力的稳定，因此盾构掘进过程中加强盾尾刷和密封系统的管理以避免砂浆侵入导致盾尾刷失去弹性引起的密封失效。研究成果可为盾尾密封系统的设计和施工管理提供参考。Abstract: The shield tunnelling method has become the mainstream construction one for urban subway tunnels. Due to the poor sealing effects of shield tail brushes, many severe safety accidents such as water and slurry leakage occur frequently. The influences of grease consistency, grease pressure and shield tail clearance on the watertightness performance are discussed by setting up the sealing unit test devices for the shield tail brush-grease chamber. The test results show that: (1) According to the different grease cone penetrations, there are two modes of shield tail sealing leakage. One is that the leakage material is the external slurry at low cone penetration, and the other is that the leakage material is the external slurry and grease mixture at high cone penetration. In order to improve the shield tail sealing performance, the grease cone penetration should be controlled within the range of 180~200 (1/10 mm). (2) The critical leakage pressure of the shield tail can be determined by the grease pressure and adhesion force, which is slightly smaller than the grease pressure. Therefore, it is reasonable to set the grease pressure 0.5 MPa higher than the slurry pressure in shield tail clearance during shield tunneling. (3) The critical leakage pressure of the shield tail is more affected by the grease pressure, but the adhesion force of the shield tail brush affects the grease escape and grease pressure stability. Hence, the management of the shield tail brush and sealing system during shield tunnelling should be strengthened to avoid the tail sealing failure, which is caused by the loss of elasticity of the shield tail brush due to mortar intrusion. The research results may provide reference for the design and construction management of the shield tail sealing system.
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Keywords:
- shield tail brush /
- grease /
- unit test /
- watertightness /
- critical leakage pressure
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图 1 盾尾密封系统渗漏试验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of leakage test devices for shield tail sealing system
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图 2 盾尾刷-油脂腔密封单元试验装置
Figure 2. Sealing unit test devices for shield tail brush-grease chamber
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图 9 不同盾尾间隙下的临界渗漏压力
Figure 9. Critical leakage forces under different shield tail clearances
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图 15 临界渗漏压力与盾尾间隙、油脂压力关系(油脂C)
Figure 15. Relationship among critical leakage pressure, shield tail clearance and grease pressure (Grease C)
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图 16 砂浆侵入盾尾刷引起密封失效
Figure 16. Sealing failure caused by mortar intrusion into shield tail brush
表 1 3种盾尾油脂的性质
Table 1 Properties of three kinds of shield tail grease
油脂类型 油脂锥入度(0.1 mm) 油脂稠度等级 油脂A 175.2 #4 油脂B 203.5 #4 油脂C 220.0 #3 
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表 2 不同油脂压力下渗漏临界水压（油脂C）
Table 2 Critical leakage pressures under different grease pressures (Grease C)
序号 油脂压力/MPa 临界水压/MPa 1 0.2 0.18 2 0.3 0.27 3 0.4 0.35 4 0.5 0.47
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