单薄山体岩质高边坡爆破振动响应分析及安全控制

孙鹏昌; 卢文波; 雷振; 陈明; 李瑞泽; 李福千

doi:10.11779/CJGE202105011

单薄山体岩质高边坡爆破振动响应分析及安全控制 English Version

孙鹏昌^{1, 2,},
卢文波^{1, 2, ,},
雷振³,
陈明^{1, 2},
李瑞泽^{1, 2},
李福千³

1.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北　武汉　430072
2.
武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室,湖北　武汉430072
3.
中国水利水电第八局工程局有限公司,湖南　长沙　410004

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 51779190

国家自然科学基金面上项目 51779193

湖北省技术创新专项重大项目 2017ACA102

详细信息

作者简介:
孙鹏昌(1994—),男,博士研究生,主要从事岩石动力学和工程爆破方面的研究工作。E-mail: sunpch@whu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
卢文波, E-mail: wblu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU45
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- 文章访问数: 313
- HTML全文浏览量: 34
- PDF下载量: 247
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-30

Blasting vibration response and control of high rock slopes of thin mountain

SUN Peng-chang^{1, 2,},
LU Wen-bo^{1, 2, ,},
LEI Zhen³,
CHEN Ming^{1, 2},
LI Rui-ze^{1, 2},
LI Fu-qian³

1.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
3.
Sinohydro Bureau 8 Co., Ltd., Changsha 410004, China

摘要

摘要: 针对赤湾山高边坡爆破振动响应问题,开展了爆破振动实测数据分析和动力有限元数值模拟,分析了单薄山体岩质高边坡的爆破振动响应特征。结果表明：幅值方面,迎爆侧坡面存在明显的爆破振动高程放大效应,高程放大效应测点的主振方向偏于垂直坡面走向；背爆侧坡面爆破振动随爆心距增加整体呈衰减趋势。持续时间方面,迎爆侧坡面爆破振动完整波形持续时间和优势振动持续时间均随水平爆心距和高程增加而显著延长；坡顶附近,测点起振时刻越晚,其爆破振动峰值反而越大。频率方面,赤湾山边坡自振频率远大于常见单面边坡的自振频率；随水平爆心距和高程增加,迎爆侧坡面爆破振动视主频整体呈衰减趋势,优势频带由100 Hz左右衰减至15 Hz左右,且落在边坡固有频率内。结合赤湾山高边坡爆破振动响应特征和工程实际,采取电子雷管起爆网路、优化开挖程序和抵抗线方向、边坡支护防护等措施控制爆破振动。
- 岩质高边坡 /
- 爆破振动 /
- 单薄山体 /
- 放大效应 /
- 时频分析 /
- 振动控制
Abstract: The blasting vibration response characteristics of high rock slopes of a thin mountain are studied by analyzing the monitoring data and numerical results of blasting vibration of Chiwan Mountain high rock slope. The results in vibration amplitude show that the elevation amplification effect of blasting vibration exits on the south slope, and main vibration directions of the monitoring points showing elevation amplification effect are across the slope. However, the blasting vibration decays versus distance on the north slope. In terms of vibration duration, durations of complete blasting vibration and dominant vibration waveforms on the south slope are significantly prolonged with the increase in distance from the blasting source to the monitoring points. Near the top of the slope, the later the starting point of blasting vibration is, the larger the particle peak velocity of the blasting vibration is. In terms of frequency characteristics, the natural frequency of Chiwan Mountain high rock slope is much higher than that of the common single-sided rock slope. With the increase of the distance from the blasting source to the monitoring points, apparent frequency of blasting vibration on the south slope decreases, and the dominant frequency band of blasting vibration is reduced from high frequency band around 100 Hz to the low one around 15 Hz that falls within the natural frequency range of the slope. Finally, three measures, including electronic detonator initiation network, excavation procedure and resistance line direction optimization, and support and protection, are proposed for controlling the blasting vibration of Chiwan Mountain high rock slope.
- high rock slope /
- blasting vibration /
- thin mountain /
- amplification effect /
- time-frequency analysis /
- vibration control

HTML全文

图 1 赤湾山高边坡平面图

Figure 1. Plan view of Chiwan Mountain high rock slope

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图 2 赤湾山高边坡横断面图(A— $A^{'}$ )

Figure 2. Cross section of Chiwan Mountain high rock slope (A- $A^{'}$ )

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图 3 起爆网路示意图（爆区1）

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of initiation network (blasting area 1)

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图 4 爆破振动监测系统

Figure 4. Monitoring system for blast vibration

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图 5 爆破振动实测波形图(爆区1—^#1)

Figure 5. Waveforms of blasting vibration (blasting area 1-^#1)

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图 6 爆破振动速度分布

Figure 6. Distribution of blasting vibration on slope

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图 7 爆破主振方向分布

Figure 7. Distribution of main vibration direction on slope

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图 8 爆破振动完整波形持续时间

Figure 8. Durations of complete blasting vibration waveform

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图 9 优势振动持续时间

Figure 9. Durations of dominant blasting vibration

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图 10 边坡爆破振动视主频

Figure 10. Apparent frequencies of blasting vibration

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图 11 爆破振动Hilbert时频谱(y向)

Figure 11. Hilbert spectra of blasting vibration in y direction

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图 12 高边坡数值模型

Figure 12. Numerical model for high rock slope

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图 13 背爆侧坡面爆破振动速度数值模拟结果

Figure 13. Numerical results of blasting vibration on north slope

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图 14 边坡测点爆破振动起振时序

Figure 14. Time sequence for starting point of blasting vibration

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图 15 赤湾山高边坡前9阶模态参数

Figure 15. First 9 modal parameters of Chiwan Mountain high slope

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图 16 电子雷管起爆网路示意图

Figure 16. Electronic detonator initiation network

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图 17 爆破开挖分区分块示意图

Figure 17. Procedures of blasting excavation

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图 18 边坡支护和防护措施

Figure 18. Support and protection measures

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表 1 赤湾山高边坡岩体参数表

Table 1 Parameters of rock mass of Chiwan Mountain high slope

岩体类别	天然重度/(kN·m^-3)	黏聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比
强风化岩	22.5	200	38.0	400	0.28
中风化岩	25.0	500	40.5	2000	0.26
微风化岩	26.1	2000	42.5	15000	0.24

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表 2 场平石方爆破参数表

Table 2 Blasting parameters for site formation

爆区	孔径/mm	药径/mm	孔深/m	间排距/(m×m)	堵塞长度/m	单耗/(kg·m^-3)
1	115	90	11.0~13.5	4.0×3.5	3.5~4.0	0.36
2	115	90	10.2~12.6	4.0×3.5	3.0~4.0	0.35

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表 3 爆破主振方向PPV

Table 3 PPV in main vibration direction

测点编号	爆区1			爆区2
测点编号	y向PPV/(cm·s^-1)	主振PPV/(cm·s^-1)	偏差/%	y向PPV/(cm·s^-1)	主振PPV/(cm·s^-1)	偏差/%
^#1	1.19	1.37	14.9	0.48	0.48	0.1
^#2	0.29	0.37	26.3	0.17	0.19	11.8
^#3	0.23	0.26	14.0	0.13	0.16	23.1
^#4	0.38	0.40	4.9	0.25	0.26	4.0
^#5	0.53	0.53	0.9	0.39	0.40	2.6
^#6	0.82	0.82	0.4	0.48	0.48	0.1
^#7	1.65	1.71	3.8	1.35	1.48	9.6

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表 4 迎爆侧坡面爆破振动数值模拟结果

Table 4 Numerical results of blasting vibration on south slope

测点编号	水平向PPV/(cm·s^-1)		水平向偏差/%	竖直向PPV/(cm·s^-1)		竖直向偏差/%
测点编号	实测	数值	水平向偏差/%	实测	数值	竖直向偏差/%
^#2	0.29	0.34	17.2	0.23	0.26	13.0
^#3	0.23	0.27	17.4	0.20	0.24	20.0
^#4	0.38	0.42	10.5	0.29	0.33	13.8
^#5	0.53	0.57	7.5	0.41	0.45	9.8
^#6	0.82	0.71	13.4	0.53	0.58	9.4
^#7	1.65	1.34	18.8	0.63	0.65	3.2

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