Experimental study on characteristics of impact force of tailing flow under dam break of tailing reservoir
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摘要: 尾矿库溃坝下泄尾砂流冲击力的计算目前还未有成熟的模型或计算方法,而直接采用泥石流的经验公式或现有的水力学计算模型并修改相应的参数不能真实反映尾砂流的冲力特性。采用尾砂流模型槽装置,开展了不同密度的尾砂浆体、不同流速、不同埋深条件下冲击力的演化特征。试验结果表明：冲击力在时间分布上受密度的影响规律为,密度越大最大冲击力出现的时间越早；冲击力在纵向空间上可分为两段,一段为液面以下的埋深范围内,冲击力随深度呈线性分布,另一段为涌高部分,冲击力呈对数型快速衰减；尾砂流冲击力与流速、密度和埋深直接相关,不同密度下流速与冲击力呈幂函数相关,同时密度越大冲击力越大,呈幂函数相关性,埋深与冲击力呈线性关系。并以此建立了涵盖了流速、密度和埋深3因素的冲击力模型,并设定了3个参数,分别为扰流系数k1受密度影响的冲击力调整系数α和受埋深对冲击力的调整系数k2,该模型能综合反映3因素的影响,通过验证表明了模型的合理性及参数物理意义的正确性,可为相关研究和工程应用提供一定的理论参考。Abstract: At present, there is no mature model or method for the calculation of the impact force of tailing flow discharged from the dam break of tailing pond. Instead, the empirical formula for debris flow or the existing hydraulic model are directly used, and the corresponding parameters are modified. This method can not truly reflect the impact characteristics of tailing flow. The evolution characteristics of impact force under different densities of tailing slurry, different velocities and different depths of impact are studied by using the tailing flow model groove devices. The test results show that the impact force is affected by density shadow in time distribution. The higher the density is, the earlier the maximum impact force appears. In the longitudinal space, the impact force can be divided into two parts. One is the buried depth below the liquid level, the impact force is linearly distributed with the depth, the other is the surge height part. The impact force is a logarithmic fast attenuation. The impact force of tailing flow is directly related to velocity, density and buried depth, and the velocity and impact force are power function-related under different densities. At the same time, the greater the density is, the greater the impact force is the power function related. The buried depth and impact force are linear relationship. Based on this, a model for impact force covering three factors of the velocity, density and buried depth is established, and three parameters are set up, namely, the coefficient of turbulence k1, the coefficient of impact force adjustment α affected by the density, and the coefficient of impact force adjustment k2 affected by the buried depth. The model can comprehensively reflect the influences of three factors. The rationality of the model and the correctness of the physical meaning of the parameters are verified, which may provide some theoretical reference for the related researches and engineering applications
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Keywords:
- tailings reservoir /
- dam break /
- tailing flow /
- impact force /
- model test
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图 3 襄汾尾矿砂颗粒级配曲线
Figure 3. Grain-size distribution curves of Xiangfen tailings particles
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图 4 清水冲击力与流速间的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between impact force of clean water and velocity
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图 5 不同密度下的冲击力时程曲线
Figure 5. Time-history curves of impact force under different densities
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图 7 不同密度下流速与冲击力间的关系
Figure 7. Relationship between velocity and impact force under different densities
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图 8 不同流速下密度与冲击力间的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between density and impact force under different velocities
表 1 尾矿砂粒径累计含量
Table 1 Accumulated contents of characteristic particle size of tailings sand
(%) 包线类型 颗粒粒径/mm 2 0.5 0.25 0.075 0.005 0.002 综合细包线 100 100 75 24 17 7 综合粗包线 97 84 50 15 10 2 综合平均线 100 90 57 20 12 5 
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表 2 尾砂流试验控制参数
Table 2 Control parameters of tailings flow tests
密度/(g·cm-3) 水砂比 含砂量/(g·cm-3) 重度/(kN·m-3) 流速/(m·s-1) 最大埋深/cm 1.0 1∶0 0 9.80 0.5~3 20 1.1 5.58∶1 0.17 10.78 0.2~1.5 20 1.2 2.59∶1 0.33 11.76 0.2~1.5 20 1.3 1.59∶1 0.50 12.74 0.2~1.5 20 1.4 1.09∶1 0.67 13.72 0.2~1.5 20 1.5 0.80∶1 0.84 14.70 0.2~1.5 20
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表 3 尾砂流冲击特性试验结果
Table 3 Test results of impact characteristics of tailings flow
密度/(g·cm-3) 流速/(m·s-1) 动压力/kPa 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm 1.1 0.30 0.33 0.78 1.23 1.82 0.32 0.45 0.86 0.96 1.58 0.39 0.52 1.08 1.07 1.62 0.50 0.61 1.12 1.22 1.68 0.56 0.72 1.27 1.27 1.93 0.70 1.00 1.42 1.52 2.17 0.90 1.51 2.09 2.21 2.71 1.10 2.22 2.75 2.87 3.39 1.15 2.43 2.98 3.09 3.65 1.2 0.23 0.48 0.69 1.13 2.17 0.30 0.64 0.94 1.41 2.15 0.33 0.83 1.13 1.99 2.52 0.50 1.12 1.66 2.10 2.78 0.65 1.44 2.02 2.35 3.10 0.71 1.75 2.25 2.88 3.46 0.90 2.22 2.83 3.16 3.88 1.11 2.97 3.48 3.90 4.72 1.24 3.62 4.75 4.58 5.40 1.3 0.30 0.81 1.09 1.37 2.72 0.50 1.49 1.89 2.20 3.35 0.70 2.11 2.75 3.20 3.68 0.79 2.32 2.94 3.48 4.11 0.91 2.92 3.39 4.18 4.62 1.11 3.77 4.20 5.01 5.58 1.21 4.61 5.20 6.49 6.25 1.4 0.22 0.85 1.24 1.56 1.77 0.30 1.17 1.67 1.94 2.11 0.37 1.50 2.06 2.23 2.67 0.50 2.22 2.65 3.09 3.32 0.69 3.27 3.95 4.54 4.98 1.5 0.30 1.48 2.10 2.69 3.04 0.50 2.76 3.46 4.28 4.54 0.61 3.17 3.91 4.67 6.08 0.71 4.21 4.75 5.43 6.92 0.93 5.97 6.55 7.47 8.58 1.05 6.96 7.58 8.06 9.87 1.12 8.28 8.81 9.50 11.97
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表 4 冲击模型拟合结果取值
Table 4 Values of fitting results impact model
密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 埋深h/m k1 α k2 相关系数 1.1 0.05 1.65 7.24 0.69 0.99 1.2 0.10 1.80 5.47 0.69 0.97 1.3 0.15 1.92 4.81 0.66 0.96 1.4 0.20 2.43 4.28 0.69 0.97 1.5 0.20 2.65 4.07 0.67 0.97
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表 5 文献实验结果与模型计算结果对比
Table 5 Comparison between model results and experimental data of Reference [12]
序号 试验数据 密度/(g·cm-3) 流速/(m·s-1) 平均埋深/m 冲击力/kPa 1 1.7 3.85 0.09 65.48 2 1.8 3.74 0.09 59.14 3 1.9 3.57 0.09 64.75 4 2.0 3.05 0.09 63.15 5 2.1 2.78 0.09 67.75 序号 模型参数及结果 k1 α k2 冲击力/kPa 1 2.81 2.17 0.68 66.91 2 2.91 1.83 0.69 60.79 3 3.04 1.81 0.68 63.07 4 3.25 2.05 0.68 63.82 5 3.38 2.21 0.68 68.60
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