Experimental study on dispersion of one kind of low liquid limit clay
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摘要: 黏粒含量降低会弱化土料的抗冲蚀能力,给分散性试验带来一定影响。对于试验低液限黏土,野外调查和矿物及化学成分分析均表明,该土料不具备分散性土的特征。采用双比重计试验、土块试验、针孔试验、孔隙水溶液试验和交换性钠离子百分比试验5种方法进行近100组试验研究。其中双比重计试验结果较为分散,难以给出鉴定结论,仅供参考；由于土样抗冲蚀性太差,针孔试验难以顺利完成；土块试验、孔隙水溶液试验均以非分散性土为主,少量过渡型土；交换性钠离子百分比试验均为非分散性土。土料经综合鉴定为非分散性土。还对双比重计试验和针孔试验未取得合理试验成果的原因进一步分析,并认为这两种方法对试验土料不适宜。Abstract: The decrease of clay content will weaken the erosion resistance of the soil and bring some influences on the dispersivity tests. For the low liquid limit clay, field investigation and mineral and chemical composition analysis show that the soil material does not have the characteristics of dispersive soil. The double-hydrometer tests, crumb testss, pinhole tests, pore water solution tests and exchangeable sodium ion percentage tests are used to carry out nearly 100 groups of experimental researches. Among them, the results of the double-hydrometer tests are relatively scattered, so it is difficult to give the identification conclusions and it is for reference only. Because of the poor erosion resistance of soil samples, the pinhole tests are difficult to be successfully completed. Both the soil block tests and the pore water solution tests are mainly non-dispersive soil, and a small amount of transitional soil. The percentage of exchangeable sodium ion tests are all non-dispersive soil. The soil material is identified as non-dispersive soil. In addition, the reasons are analysed why the double-hydrometer tests and pinhole tests have not achieved reasonable results, and it is regarded out that the two methods are not suitable for this kind of soil.
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Keywords:
- low liquid limit clay /
- dispersivity /
- double hydrometer test /
- pinhole test
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图 3 土料黏粒含量概率分布直方图
Figure 3. Probability distribution histogram of clay content rate of soil
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图 4 分散度-黏粒含量的关系曲线（Ⅰ区）
Figure 4. Relation curve between dispersion degree versus clay content (Zone 1)
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图 5 孔隙水溶液试验的PS-TDS关系图
Figure 5. Relation map between PS and TDS of pore water solution tests
表 1 分散性试验统计表
Table 1 Statistical table of dispersion tests
(组) 分区 双比重计试验 土块试验 针孔试验 孔隙水溶液试验 交换性钠离子百分比试验 Ⅰ区 47 47 48 47 47 Ⅱ区 23 23 23 23 23 Ⅲ区 14 14 14 14 14 Ⅳ区 14 14 14 14 14 合计 98 98 99 98 98 
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表 2 部分分散性试验成果汇总
Table 2 Summary of partial dispersion test results
土样编号 双比重计试验分散度/% 土块试验浸水后 特征 针孔试验 孔隙水溶液试验 交换性钠离子百分比试验 水头/mm 持续时间/min 水色 最终流量/(ml·s-1) 最终孔径/mm CNa +/(meq·l-1) TDS/(meq·l-1) PS/% CEC/(meq·kg-1) CNa +/(meq·kg-1) ESP/% SJL101-1 46.8 无分散出胶粒,土块水解后在量杯底部以细颗粒平堆,水是清的 — — 混浊 — 渗透 破坏 0.373 1.800 21.3 30.5 0.9 3 SJL101-2 42.0 — — 混浊 — 渗透破坏 0.182 1.100 16 34.0 1.1 3.11 SJL101-3 49.3 40 5 混浊 2.9 塌孔 0.212 1.000 22.2 35.7 1.1 3.18 SJL201-1 30.7 60 5 混浊 1.1 塌孔 0.285 1.100 27.1 40.8 0.4 0.92 SJL201-2 47.2 — — 混浊 — 渗透破坏 0.352 1.000 35.6 30.9 0.4 1.32 SJL201-3 54.7 — — 混浊 — 渗透破坏 0.470 1.700 27.7 26.4 0.2 0.86 SJL301-1 38.7 土块水解后四周有混浊水,但扩散范围小 50 5 混浊 2.5 塌孔 0.200 0.290 38.9 67.2 0.5 0.76 SJL301-2 48.2 40 5 混浊 2.1 塌孔 0.220 0.370 30.8 62.5 0.5 0.8 SJL301-3 59.0 无分散出胶粒,土块水解后在量杯底部以细颗粒平堆,水是清的 — — — — 渗透 破坏 0.561 0.617 57.4 52.9 0.3 0.53 SJL401-1 35.2 50 5 混浊 2 塌孔 0.626 0.852 36.9 53.7 0.5 0.98 SJL401-2 28.4 40 5 混浊 2 塌孔 0.380 0.669 26.3 42.1 0.8 1.98 SJL401-3 35.0 50 5 混浊 2.3 塌孔 0.652 0.727 58.8 45.7 0.6 1.40 注： 土样SJL101-1~ SJL101-3、SJL201-1~ SJL201-3、SJL301-1~ SJL301-3、SJL401-1~ SJL401-3分别取样于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区。
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表 3 土块试验成果统计表
Table 3 Statistics table of crumb test results
序号 表现特征 鉴定类别 组数 1 无分散出胶粒的反应,土块水解后在量杯底部以细颗粒平堆,水是清的 非分散 79 2 土块水解后四周有混浊水,扩散范围小 过渡 10 3 无分散出胶粒的反应,土块水解后在量杯底部以细颗粒平堆,混浊后很快变清 非分散 9
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