Fracture test and analysis of horizontal fissure rock-like specimens influenced by apertures
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摘要: 为探究张开度影响的水平裂隙岩体破断机理,利用水泥砂浆制备不同张开度水平单裂隙类岩体试件,基于RMT-150B岩石力学试验机对制备的类岩体试件进行单轴加载试验。结果表明：同一预制裂隙长度下,随着裂隙张开度的减小,微裂纹萌生位置由预制裂隙中部向尖端转移。为验证此现象,基于PFC数值仿真平台的平行黏结接触单元构建了裂隙体数值模型进行分析,在数值计算边界条件与试验测试环境相一致的条件下,得到了与试验测试结果相一致的微裂纹起裂模式与破断特征。为进一步探究水平裂隙岩体微裂纹起裂扩展机制,结合微裂纹起裂扩展过程中数值模型颗粒位移场演化规律,基于裂纹面变形屈服特征,提出了固支梁简化计算力学模型,对不同张开度下水平裂隙岩体出现的微裂纹起裂扩展机制进行了分析和阐释。Abstract: In order to explore the fracture mechanism of horizontal fissure rock mass with different apertures, single-fissure rock mass specimens with different apertures are prepared by using cement mortar. The uniaxial loading tests are carried out on the prepared rock mass specimens based on the RMT-150B rock mechanics testing machine. The results show that under the same length of prefabricated fissure, with the decrease of fissure apertures, the initiation position of microcracks shifts from the middle of prefabricated fissure to the tip. To verify this phenomenon, a parallel bonded contact element based on PFC numerical simulation platform is used to establish a numerical model for fissure body for analysis. Under that condition, the boundary conditions of numerical calculation are consistent with the test environment, the crack initiation modes and fracture characteristics which are consistent with the test results are obtained. In order to further explore the initiation and propagation mechanism of micro-cracks in horizontally fissured rock mass, based on the yield characteristics of crack surface deformation, the evolution law of particle displacement field in the numerical model of micro-crack initiation and propagation is considered, a simplified model for fixed beam is proposed, and the mechanism of micro-crack initiation and propagation in horizontally fissured rock mass with different apertures is analyzed and explained.
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图 3 不同裂隙张开度下水平裂隙试件裂纹起裂模式
Figure 3. Crack initiation modes of horizontal fissure with different fissure apertures
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图 4 水平裂隙类岩试件裂纹扩展路径
Figure 4. Crack growth paths of horizontally fissured rock-like specimens
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图 5 不同裂隙张开度下水平裂隙试件破坏模式
Figure 5. Failure modes of horizontally fissured specimens with different fissure apertures
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图 6 数值模拟与室内试验结果对比
Figure 6. Comparison between numerical simulations and laboratory test results
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图 7 位移矢量定义的3种主要位移场类型
Figure 7. Three types of displacement fields defined by displacement vector
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图 8 压缩闭合状态下预制裂隙尖端三角区域
Figure 8. Triangular region of prefabricated fissure tip under compression closed state
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图 10 张开度0.1 mm下水平裂隙数值模型处理图
Figure 10. Processing chart of horizontal fissure model with aperture of 0.1 mm
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图 11 不同张开度裂隙面竖向位移演化过程曲线
Figure 11. Evolution curves of vertical displacement of fissure surfaces with different apertures
表 1 类岩材料物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of rock-like materials
试件类型 密度/(kg·m-3) 单轴抗压强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 抗拉强度/MPa 黏聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 类岩体试件 2145 33.28 7.63 0.211 2.64 6.49 33.75 
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表 2 数值模型微观力学参数
Table 2 Microscopic parameters of numerical model
粒径/mm 颗粒接触模量/GPa 颗粒刚度比 颗粒摩擦系数 黏结模量/GPa 黏结刚度比 黏结摩擦系数 黏结抗拉强度/MPa 黏结内聚力/MPa 0.7~1.05 4.5 2.5 0.4 4.5 2.8 0.4 13.5±2.7 13.5±2.7
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表 3 数值模拟水平裂隙试件裂纹起裂模式以及预制裂隙附近位移场状态
Table 3 Crack initiation modes and surface displacement fields of simulated prefabricated fissure
张开度 裂纹起裂模式 预制裂隙附近位移场 0.1 mm 
0.2 mm 
0.4 mm 
0.8 mm 
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表 4 数值模型参数
Table 4 Parameters of numerical model
裂隙长度/mm 模型尺寸/（mm×mm） 颗粒数/个 裂隙张开度/mm 40 200×267 78780 0.2 50 250×333 123034
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表 5 不同长度水平裂隙试件裂纹起裂模式以及预制裂隙附近位移场状态
Table 5 The crack initiation mode and the displacement field near the prefabricated fissure of the specimens with different lengths of horizontal fissure
张开度 裂纹起裂模式 预制裂隙附近位移场 0.2 mm 
0.2 mm 
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