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降雨对软土基坑支护结构影响实测及机理研究

刘畅, 季凡凡, 郑刚, 刘涛, 刘永超

刘畅, 季凡凡, 郑刚, 刘涛, 刘永超. 降雨对软土基坑支护结构影响实测及机理研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2020, 42(3): 447-456. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202003006
引用本文: 刘畅, 季凡凡, 郑刚, 刘涛, 刘永超. 降雨对软土基坑支护结构影响实测及机理研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2020, 42(3): 447-456. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202003006
LIU Chang, JI Fan-fan, ZHENG Gang, LIU Tao, LIU Yong-chao. Measurement and mechanism of influences of rainfall on supporting structures of foundation pits in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020, 42(3): 447-456. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202003006
Citation: LIU Chang, JI Fan-fan, ZHENG Gang, LIU Tao, LIU Yong-chao. Measurement and mechanism of influences of rainfall on supporting structures of foundation pits in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020, 42(3): 447-456. DOI: 10.11779/CJGE202003006

降雨对软土基坑支护结构影响实测及机理研究  English Version

基金项目: 

国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)项目 2010CB732106

国家自然科学基金项目 51108312

详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘畅(1974— ),女,副教授,博士,主要从事桩基础、基坑工程、地下工程研究工作。E-mail:lclc74@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TU447

Measurement and mechanism of influences of rainfall on supporting structures of foundation pits in soft soils

  • 摘要: 降雨通常易导致土质边坡的滑动、失稳,降雨对基坑特别是软土条件下的基坑的影响研究较少。针对天津市某基坑展开实测,开挖结束后在没有其他施工条件下,连续3 d 247 mm降雨导致基坑支护桩顶水平位移增加13.75 mm,因此研究降雨入渗诱发软土基坑变形的机理具有十分重要的意义。首先进行降雨的入渗深度及对非饱和黏土物理力学性质影响室内试验,在此基础上结合工程实测,采用Plaxis2D有限元分析软件建立二维软土基坑模型,分析了降雨对软土基坑支护结构变形的影响机理,主要对比了降雨强度、降雨时长、降雨量对基坑支护结构变形的影响,以及开挖深度、桩顶初始位移、支护形式不同对降雨的敏感程度。结果表明:降雨对软土基坑支护结构变形影响主要因素为坑外杂填土重度增加、坑内土体软化、渗流作用,降雨量是对基坑支护变形影响较大的因素;降雨产生的支护结构位移增量受支护结构初始位移影响最大,而基坑开挖深度对相同降雨条件下支护结构变形增量影响差异不大。
    Abstract: Rainfall is usually easy to cause sliding and instability of soil slopes. At the same time, it also has a great influence on foundation pits, especially for those in soft soils. In the absence of other construction, after three days of rainfall of 247 mm deep, the horizontal displacement of supporting structures of a foundation pit in Tianjin increases by 13.75 mm. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of deformation induced by rainfall of foundation pits in soft soils. Firstly, the experiments on the influences of rainfall on relevant model are conducted by using Plaxis2D. The influence mechanism of rainfall on the deformation of supporting structures of the foundation pit in soft soils is analyzed. The influences of intensity, duration and amount of rainfall on the deformation of supporting structures are analyzed, and the sensitivities of the excavation depth, the initial displacement of pile top, the form of supporting structures to rainfall are studied. The main factors affecting the deformation of supporting structures are the increase of the residual soils outside the pit, the softening of the soils in the pit and the fluid-solid coupling. The amount of rainfall is a factor to have a large influence on the deformation of the supporting structures of the foundation pit. The displacement increment of the supporting structures caused by rainfall is most affected by their initial displacement, while the depth of foundation excavation has small influences on their deformation increment under the same rainfall conditions.
  • 图  1   基坑剖面图

    Figure  1.   Profile of foundation pit

    图  2   不同时间实测桩身侧移增量

    Figure  2.   Measured increments of lateral displacement of pile at different time

    图  3   中雨强度不同降雨时长的不同土柱含水率及强度参数

    Figure  3.   Water contents and strength parameters of different soil columns under different rainfall durations at rainfall intensity of 1.25 mm/h

    图  4   12 h降雨时长不同降雨强度下不同土柱的含水率

    Figure  4.   Water contents of different soil columns under different rainfall intensities at rainfall duration of 12 h

    图  5   36 mm降雨量不同降雨强度下的不同土柱含水率

    Figure  5.   Water contents of different soil columns under different rainfall intensities of rainfall 36 mm deep rainfall

    图  6   中雨强度不同降雨时长土柱I、II、III积水现象

    Figure  6.   Water accumulation of soil columns I, II and III under different rainfall durations at rainfall intensity of 1.25 mm/h

    图  7   有限元计算模型

    Figure  7.   Finite element model

    图  8   坑内1 m桩侧水土压力

    Figure  8.   Earth pressures on pile in foundation pit

    图  9   软化前后桩身侧移

    Figure  9.   Lateral movements of pile before and after softening

    图  10   坑内土体软化前后桩身侧移及弯矩

    Figure  10.   Lateral movements and bending moments of pile before and after softening

    图  11   不同水位上升工况坑内外桩侧总孔压分布

    Figure  11.   Pore pressures on pile side inside and outside foundation pit at different water-level rise conditions

    图  12   流固耦合作用前后坑内外桩侧总孔压分布

    Figure  12.   Pore pressures on side of pile before and after fluid-solid coupling

    图  13   基坑开挖至坑底时土体变形云图

    Figure  13.   Cloud diagram of soil deformation under excavation of foundation pit to its bottom

    图  14   随固结及蠕变时间变化的桩顶位移

    Figure  14.   Variation of displacement of pile top with consolidation and creep

    图  15   不同时间桩身侧移及弯矩

    Figure  15.   Lateral movements and bending moments of pile at different time

    图  16   工程实测与数值模拟桩顶水平位移对比

    Figure  16.   Comparison between measured and simulated horizontal displacements of pile top

    图  17   降雨24 h不同降雨强度桩身侧移及弯矩

    Figure  17.   Lateral displacements and bending moments of pile under different rainfall intensities at rainfall duration of 24 h

    图  18   不同降雨量及降雨强度桩顶水平位移及增量

    Figure  18.   Lateral displacements of pile under different rainfall amounts and intensities

    图  19   不同开挖深度降雨前后桩身侧移及弯矩

    Figure  19.   Lateral displacements and bending moments of pile under different excavation depths before and after rainfall

    图  20   不同桩顶位移降雨前后桩身侧移及增量

    Figure  20.   Lateral displacements of piles under different initial displacements of pile top before and after rainfall

    表  1   测试桩桩顶水平位移增量

    Table  1   Increments of horizontal displacement of test pile top

    监测日期桩顶水平位移增量/mm日均增量/(mm·d-1)降雨情况
    7月12日02.29无降雨
    7月15日6.86
    7月18日9.440.86无降雨
    7月22日23.193.44降雨
    7月25日28.841.89降雨
    7月28日30.940.70无降雨
    8月3日38.921.33降雨
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   降雨试验方案

    Table  2   Test plans of rainfall

    控制变量降雨强度/(mm·h-1)降雨类型降雨持时/h总降雨量/mm降雨间隔时间/min降雨次数每次降雨量/g
    降雨时长1.25中雨67.55724.71
    1.25中雨121551444.71
    1.25中雨243052884.71
    降雨强度0.4小雨124.851441.51
    1.25中雨121551444.71
    2.5大雨123051449.42
    降雨强度1.25中雨28.83653464.71
    2.5大雨14.43651739.42
    6暴雨636514411.31
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   不同含水率黏土的初始物理力学性质

    Table  3   Initial physical and mechanical properties of clays with different water contents

    含水率w饱和度Sr重度/(kN·m-3)w P/%w L/%I PI L固结快剪压缩模量Es/MPa
    黏聚力/kPa内摩擦角/(°)
    25%70.1%17.327.846.518.70.6722.9117.708.2
    30%84.1%17.913.8614.616.9
    35%98.0%18.611.8412.524.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   不同降雨方案下不同土柱积水、入渗深度

    Table  4   Water accumulations and infiltration depths of different soil columns under different rainfall schemes

    降雨强度/(mm·h-1)降雨 类型降雨时长/h降雨量/mm积水深度/mm入渗深度/cm
    土柱Ⅰ土柱Ⅱ土柱Ⅲ土柱Ⅰ土柱Ⅱ土柱Ⅲ
    1.25中雨67.50006.485100
    1.25中雨1215.000012.9610200
    1.25中雨2430.000025.9220400
    0.40小雨124.80002.765100
    2.50大雨1230.0001.2027.9610200
    1.25中雨28.836.000031.1020400
    2.50大雨14.436.0001.4433.5520400
    6.00暴雨636.00021.6034.9820200
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   土柱入渗深度范围内土体物理力学参数改变

    Table  5   Change of physical and mechanical parameters of soil in soils column infiltration depth

    初始饱和度Sr重度γ/(kN·m-3)黏聚力c/kPa内摩擦角φ/(°)压缩模量Es/MPa
    降雨前降雨后增幅降雨前降雨后减幅降雨前降雨后减幅降雨前降雨后减幅
    70%17.318.77.5%22.9111.7950%17.712.4630%8.24.248%
    84%17.918.63.9%13.8611.6515%14.6112.4514%6.94.338%
    98%18.618.70.5%11.8411.621.9%12.5212.510.1%4.34.22.3%
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   土体计算物理力学指标

    Table  6   Computational physical and mechanical indexes of soil

    层号土层厚度/m重度/(kN·m-3)E50ref /(N·mm-2)Eoedref /(N·mm-2)Eurref /(N·mm-2)G0ref /(N·mm-2)黏聚力c/kPa内摩擦角/(°)KH/(m·d-1)Kv/(m·d-1)
    1杂填土0.7216.002.02.016.0488108.64×10-18.64×10-1
    2素填土0.7018.883.53.528.0842088.64×10-48.64×10-5
    1黏土3.4818.614.24.233.610016.4512.528.64×10-58.64×10-5
    3淤泥质黏土5.1018.303.03.024.072910.58.64×10-56.70×10-5
    1粉质黏土1019.246.06.036.0901521.193.71×10-32.78×10-4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   淤泥质黏土饱和/非饱和土体参数

    Table  7   Parameters of silt clay saturated/unsaturated soils

    饱和度Sr土层厚度/m重度/(kN·m-3)E50ref/(N·mm-2)Eoedref/(N·mm-2)Eurref/(N·mm-2)G0ref/(N·mm-2)黏聚力/kPa内摩擦角/(°)
    80%1.017.35.25.241.6124.813.512.62
    100%1.018.23.03.024.072.09.010.50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   不同积水工况桩顶水平位移

    Table  8   Horizontal displacements of pile top under different water accumulation conditions

    积水工况桩顶水平位移/mm桩顶水平位移增量/mm桩顶水平位移增幅/%
    工况139.856.1718
    工况233.64-0.040
    工况337.423.7311
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9   不同降雨时长导致桩身位移及内力变化

    Table  9   Variation of pile displacement and internal force during heavy rainfall intensity with different rainfall durations

    降雨时长/h桩顶水平位移桩身最大弯矩
    降雨前/mm增量/mm增幅/%降雨前/(kN·m)增量/(kN·m)增幅/%
    040.4800173.400
    1245.475.0012186.813.48
    2449.799.3123203.029.616
    4856.6416.1640229.456.028
    7262.8822.4055254.080.635
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10   不同降雨量及降雨强度计算条件

    Table  10   Calculation conditions for different rainfall amounts and intensities

    降雨量/mm降雨类型降雨强度/(mm·h-1)降雨时长/h坑内土体软化深度/cm坑外均布荷载/(kN·m-1)
    50小雨1.2540300.5
    大雨2.502030
    暴雨6.008.325
    大暴雨10.00515
    100小雨1.2580651.0
    大雨2.504065
    暴雨6.0016.750
    大暴雨10.001030
    200小雨1.251601002.0
    大雨2.5080100
    暴雨6.0033.3100
    大暴雨10.002060
    300小雨1.252401003.0
    大雨2.50120100
    暴雨6.0050100
    大暴雨10.003090
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-12-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-12-07
  • 刊出日期:  2020-02-29

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